“第六代”：后现代文化的符码“仿真”——张元、管虎创作比较研究

张元出生于1963年,1985年进入北京电影学院摄影系学习。他在1990年代初期拍摄完成的《妈妈》被认为是当代国内第一部“独立电影”。张元称得上是中国新生代导演群体中少有的“高产者”。在“浮出地表”之前,电影《北京杂种》《儿子》和《东宫.西宫》为他赢得了众多的国际声誉;而在1998年取得国际广播电影电视总局的“解禁令”之后,他又相继执导了影片《过年回家》《疯狂英语》《我爱你》《绿茶》《江姐》和《看上去很美》,也因此成为较早涉足国内电影商业化运作的一位新生代导演。作为新生代导演群体中的一类代表,张元的典型意义不仅在于他往返游走于“先锋”与“主旋律”之间的那份从容,而且“张元现象”也成为考量中国新生代导演十余年间辗转于电影美学与市场运作之间独特体验的生动样本。别有深意的是,这些细节都在某种特定的“全球化语境”中得到了更进一步的放大和渲染。本期邀约的四篇论文中,孙绍谊博士与李迅研究员提供的导演访谈尽可能地保留了许多现场交流的细节,使我们得以直接了解张元本人对于国内电影市场不无真诚又略显偏激的态度。这不仅是对读者反应式批评的有益补充,而且也正是本栏目所期冀的多元文体与多元研究路向的一次探索实践。刘福泉教授的《张元:在寻找中站立》秉承了传统美学批评的理路,以反叛、寻找、皈依为关键词,梳理张元从“小众”到“大众”乃至“主旋律”创作的心路历程。Adam Lam博士的《“第六代”:后现代文化的符码“仿真”》则通过对张元与另一位新生代导演管虎作品的比较研究,试图说明在“国际化”的巨型“能指”背后隐藏的权力运作机制。关于此问题,钱春莲、邱宝林二位博士合作完成的论文《论新生代电影导演的跨文化传播策略》提供出另外一种思路。论文从传播学的角度入手,探讨在经济全球化和文化全球化的双重维度上,新生代导演如何在直面市场的经济策略与以民族认同为基点的文化策略之间寻求微妙的平衡,并且将两岸三地青年导演的区域性合作纳入新生代电影的产业实践。这无疑开辟出一个新的研究路向,同时也呈现出一种新的合作发展的现实可能性。     

HAb18G/CD147-mediated calcium mobilization and hepatoma metastasis require both C-terminal and N-terminal domains

HAb18G/CD147 is a heavily glycosylated protein containing two immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Our previous studies have indicated that overexpression of HAb18G/CD147 enhances metastatic potentials in human hepatoma cells by disrupting the regulation of store-operated Ca²⁺ entry by nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP. In the present study, we investigated the structure-function of HAb18G/CD147 by transfecting truncated HAb18G/CD147 fragments into human 7721 hepatoma cells. The inhibitory effect of HAb18G/CD147 on 8-bromo-cGMP-regulated thapsigargin-induced Ca²⁺ entry was reversed by the expression of either C or N terminus truncated HAb18G/CD147 in T7721C and T7721N cells, respectively. The potential effect of HAb18G/CD147 on metastatic potentials, both adhesion and invasion capacities, of hepatoma cells was abolished in T7721C cells, but not affected in T7721N cells. Release and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, were found to be enhanced by the expression of HAb18G/CD147, and this effect was abolished by both truncations. Thapsigargin significantly enhanced release and activation of MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in non-transfected 7721 cells, and this effect was negatively regulated by SNAP. However, no effects of thapsigargin or SNAP were observed in T7721 cells, and expression of HAb18G/CD147 enhanced secretion and activation of MMPs at a stable and high level. Taken together, these results suggest that both ectodomain and intracellular domains of HAb18G/CD147 are required to mediate the effect of HAb18G/CD147 on the secretion and activation of MMPs and metastasis-related processes in human hepatoma cells by disrupting the regulation of NO/cGMP-sensitive intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization although each domain may play different roles.Received 1 April 2004; received after revision 15 June 2004; accepted 22 June 2004     

Hormonal induction of steroid sulphatase in the mouse

By comparing steroid sulphatase levels per se, and also ratios to alpha-galactosidase, in 6 sets of mice - normal females, entire and castrated males both with and without exogenous testosterone administration - we obtained support for the contention that induction of this enzyme is in part controlled by male hormones.     

A threshold stochastic volatility model

This article introduces a new model to capture simultaneously the mean and variance asymmetries in time series. Threshold non‐linearity is incorporated into the mean and variance specifications of a stochastic volatility model. Bayesian methods are adopted for parameter estimation. Forecasts of volatility and Value‐at‐Risk can also be obtained by sampling from suitable predictive distributions. Simulations demonstrate that the apparent variance asymmetry documented in the literature can be due to the neglect of mean asymmetry. Strong evidence of the mean and variance asymmetries was detected in US and Hong Kong data. Asymmetry in the variance persistence was also discovered in the Hong Kong stock market. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two tobacco DNA-binding proteins with homology to the nuclear factor CREB

The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) contains a tandem repeat of the sequence TGACG in the region -83 to -63. This 21-base pair (bp) sequence, called as-1, is involved in root expression of the 35S promoter. When inserted in a promoter of a gene expressed specifically in photosynthetic tissues, as-1 confers high level expression in roots. We have described a factor, ASF-1, that binds specifically to as-1 in vitro. There is a good correlation between ASF-1 binding affinity to as-1 related sequences in vitro and the function of these sequences in vivo. These results strongly suggest that ASF-1 is responsible for the function of as-1. Here we report the isolation of tobacco complementary DNA clones encoding two TGACG-sequence-specific binding-proteins (TGA1a and TGA1b). Sequence analysis of the cDNA clones shows that both proteins contain a basic region that shows high homology to a stretch of basic amino acids in the nuclear factors CREB, GCN4, and c-Jun to a 'leucine-zipper' region. On the basis of binding specificity we propose TGA1a to be a good candidate for ASF-1.     

Population structure, differential bias and genomic control in a large-scale, case-control association study

The main problems in drawing causal inferences from epidemiological case-control studies are confounding by unmeasured extraneous factors, selection bias and differential misclassification of exposure. In genetics the first of these, in the form of population structure, has dominated recent debate. Population structure explained part of the significant +11.2% inflation of test statistics we observed in an analysis of 6,322 nonsynonymous SNPs in 816 cases of type 1 diabetes and 877 population-based controls from Great Britain. The remainder of the inflation resulted from differential bias in genotype scoring between case and control DNA samples, which originated from two laboratories, causing false-positive associations. To avoid excluding SNPs and losing valuable information, we extended the genomic control method by applying a variable downweighting to each SNP.     

The ovicidal activity of cis-dehydromatricaria ester: time-dependance of its enhancement by UV light

Freshly laid eggs of Drosophila melanogaster were treated with the polyacetylenic compound cis-dehydromatricaria ester. The toxicity of the chemical was enhanced by treatments with long-wavelength ultraviolet light, and the maximum effect was observed when the UV irradiation was performed 4-5 h after the initial contact of the eggs with the chemical.     

Store Environment: Its Importance and Consumers' Expectations on Ca-sual - wear Chain Stores in Honk Kong

This study attempted to examine the importance of storeenvironment in affecting consumers'store choice deci-sion;the relative importance among the three environ-mental factors;and consumers'expectations on store en-vironment for the casual-wear chain stores in HongKong.Julie Baker's Three-category framework onstore environments namely ambient,design and socialfactors was adopted for investigation.The results indi-cated that the store environment was important in affect-ing consumers'selection of store for shopping.It alsorevealed that social factor was perceived relatively im-portant than ambient and design factors.Nine store ex-pectation dimensions were categorised and the resultdemonstrated that most respondents were concerned onthe social aspect in their expectation of having a satisfy-ing store environment.     

A tiling resolution DNA microarray with complete coverage of the human genome

We constructed a tiling resolution array consisting of 32,433 overlapping BAC clones covering the entire human genome. This increases our ability to identify genetic alterations and their boundaries throughout the genome in a single comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiment. At this tiling resolution, we identified minute DNA alterations not previously reported. These alterations include microamplifications and deletions containing oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and new genes that may be associated with multiple tumor types. Our findings show the need to move beyond conventional marker-based genome comparison approaches, that rely on inference of continuity between interval markers. Our submegabase resolution tiling set for array CGH (SMRT array) allows comprehensive assessment of genomic integrity and thereby the identification of new genes associated with disease.     

近48年新疆博州地区气候变化趋势的分析

采用线性回归、Molet小波和Mann-Kendall突变检测等方法,对博州地区所辖4个气象台站1961-2008年的年平均气温、降水量、日照时数和平均风速以及年潜在蒸散量和湿润指数等要素的变化趋势和变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:1)近48年博州地区年平均气温、降水量呈升高(增多)趋势,日照时数和年平均风速呈减少(小)的趋势;2)博州地区潜在蒸散量与年平均气温、日照时数和平均风速呈极显著的正相关关系,而与年降水量呈极显著的负相关关系,受其综合影响,潜在蒸散量呈减小趋势而湿润指数呈增大趋势;3)博州地区年平均气温、降水量和湿润指数分别在1972年和1971年发生了突变性的升高,年日照时数、平均风速和潜在蒸散量分别于1979年、1970年和1978年发生了极显著的突变性减小,综合气温、降水和湿润指数的突变特征,可以认为,博州地区气候在1971-1972年发生了"暖湿化"的突变;4)各气候要素和潜在蒸散量、湿润指数分别存在不同时间尺度的周期性变化。