电聚合固定化介体催化强化2,6-二硝基甲苯生物还原

难生物降解的水溶性氧化还原介体会随出水而流失,造成二次污染.采用活性炭毡(ACF)电极上电聚合吡咯单体掺杂蒽醌二磺酸盐技术制备的固定化氧化还原介体,AQDS/PPy/ACF,考察了其作为一种新型固态介体催化2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)生物还原的可行性.结果表明,基体材料对聚吡咯复合材料的表面形貌特性影响很大,在铂片上形成的聚吡咯呈菜花状,而在ACF上则呈现微球状;AQDS/PPy/ACF对2,6-DNT具有较强的生物催化活性和催化稳定性;它的加入可使2,6-DNT的生物还原速率提高近4倍,一级降解动力学常数达到0.0345h-1;在该反应体系中,2,6-DNT首先被还原为中间产物2-氨基-6-硝基甲苯(2-A-6-NT),后者再被还原为终产物2,6-二氨基甲苯(2,6-DAT).     

Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease.

A locus segregating with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mapped to chromosome 21, close to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Recombinants between the APP gene and the AD locus have been reported which seemed to exclude it as the site of the mutation causing familial AD. But recent genetic analysis of a large number of AD families has demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous. Families with late-onset AD do not show linkage to chromosome 21 markers. Some families with early-onset AD show linkage to chromosome 21 markers, but some do not. This has led to the suggestion that there is non-allelic genetic heterogeneity even within early onset familial AD. To avoid the problems that heterogeneity poses for genetic analysis, we have examined the cosegregation of AD and markers along the long arm of chromosome 21 in a single family with AD confirmed by autopsy. Here we demonstrate that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene. This mutation causes an amino-acid substitution (Val----Ile) close to the carboxy terminus of the beta-amyloid peptide. Screening other cases of familial AD revealed a second unrelated family in which this variant occurs. This suggests that some cases of AD could be caused by mutations in the APP gene.     

中国碳纳米管领域研发能力评估

碳纳米管是国际材料科学的前沿领域之一,研究成果不断涌现,这些研究成果主要以研究论文和专利的形式出现。随着近年来中国科研实力的提升,中国科学家在碳纳米管研究领域也取得了相当突出的成绩,影响力越来越大。利用Web of Science和Derwent Aureka对2000—2009年碳纳米管相关的论文及专利进行检索分析,对我国碳纳米管领域的研发能力进行了评估。     

Overexpression of N-cadherin is correlated with metastasis and worse survival in colorectal cancer patients

N-cadherin is related to the progression and metastases of several solid carcinomas. However, it was still unclear whether N-cadherin is overexpressed in colorectal malignant tumors that have stronger malignant tendency. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression patterns of N-cadherin in both the primary tumors and their normal mucosa tissues of 120 patients with colorectal cancer. We revealed that N-cadherin was expressed in 78.3% (94/120) of colorectal tumor tissues and in only 9.2% (11/120) of paired distant normal mucosa tissues with a significant difference (P=0.000). The low, moderate, and high expression of N-cadherin protein was 42.5%, 30.8%, and 26.7%, respectively. N-cadherin overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Patients with N-cadherin overexpressed showed the obvious lower overall survival rate than those with moderate and low expression, and patients with low expression had a better survival rate than those with moderate and high expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, high N-cadherin expression may lead to tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, and may prove to be a possible prognostic factor.     

短小芽孢杆菌C-9葡聚糖内切酶基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

从短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)C-9中克隆得到葡聚糖内切酶基因,该基因包含1980 bp核苷酸,编码559个氨基酸,其N端有一个预测的29个氨基酸的信号肽序列;以YIp5质粒为骨架,构建rDNA介导的多拷贝整合载体,实现葡聚糖内切酶在酿酒酵母中的高效、稳定表达。与对照菌株相比,含有葡聚糖内切酶基因的重组酿酒酵母可以在以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的培养基上生长。     

钴铁氧体纳米晶粒的结构及磁特性研究

采用化学共沉法制备了纳米尺度的钴铁氧体粉料,并在1260~1340℃温度下进行了退火处理,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构和磁性进行了测量和分析.实验结果表明,在钴高含量(x≥0.7)时样品形成了单一的具有尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体,而钴含量x<0.7时样品生成了尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体相和α-Fe2O3相;CoxFe3-xO4的比饱和磁化强度σS随x的增加呈现出了先增后减的趋势,在x=0.8时出现峰值;在x=0.5~0.8范围内,矫顽力Hc随钴含量的增加有所下降,随后迅速增加,在x=1.0附近能同时得到较大的σS和Hc值.     

幂律流体管内充分发展的对流换热分析

将非牛顿流体的动量方程、能量方程和幂律流体的本构方程相结合 ,建立了幂律流体管内流动和换热充分发展时的对流换热控制方程组 ,并在恒热流和恒壁温边界条件下分别对方程组进行了求解 ,得到了两种不同边界条件下的温度分布和无量纲对流换热系数 (Nu数 )的表达式。结果表明 ,幂律流体的流变指数对流体流动的影响要大于对换热的影响 ;在恒热流边界条件下 ,幂律流体的温度在管内沿轴向呈线性分布 ;而在恒壁温条件下 ,其截面平均温度沿轴向呈指数规律变化。幂律流体的无量纲对流换热系数与幂律流体的流变指数有关 ,并且在两种边界条件下 ,均随着流变指数的增加而减小     

复合材料层压板疲劳寿命预测方法

测定了碳纤维／树脂基T300／QY8911复合材料的3组典型单轴循环应力下的S-N曲线．基于试验数据，建立了多轴循环应力作用下单向板的寿命模型，并通过整合平面应力分析、失效分析和材料性质退化模块模拟多向层压板的疲劳失效过程．这种方法试图基于单向板在确定应力比下的疲劳试验结果，预测同种材料体系的任意铺层形式的多向层压板在复杂循环应力作用下的疲劳寿命．对于以分层破坏为主控因素的层压板，基于层间应力的计算结果，用计算面内累计损伤的方法计算分层损伤，层压板的寿命等于分层扩展寿命和分层后子层板剩余寿命之和．考虑分层扩展后，层压板的寿命预测结果得到明显改善．     

Palaeogene fossil <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic significance

An angiosperm compression flora is found in Palaeogene from Lanzhou Basin and the cuticular analysis of Populus davidiana Dode in the flora is carefully made. Furthermore, the fossil cuticles are compared with the epidermal structures of extant Populus leaves growing in different environments, i.e. moist, semimoist, and semiarid to arid climatic regions. The present experiments indicate that mature leaves of P. davidiana show leaf size from big to small, leaf cuticles from thick to thin and anticlinal walls of epidermal cells from faintness to clarity along with the increase of lattudes of the plant distributions, the climatic variation from moist to arid, the annual precipitation from more to less and the annual mean temperature from high to low. The fossil P. davidiana differs from the specimens collected from Shandan in semiarid to arid climatic regions but closely resembles the Wushan leaves in a semi-moist climatic area in a lot of features. In a word, the new research may reflect that the flora lives in a semi-moist climatic environment. The present discovery of compression of Paleogene Populus davidiana is of great significance to studying vegetation types, climatic and environmental changes during the primal uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

盘式永磁无刷直流发电机

阐述了轴向磁场盘式永磁无刷直流发电机的结构及其特点，提出了气隙磁场的简化模型，并对三维磁场进行了分析，在此基础上探讨了这种电机的设计方法，以最大功率输出为优化目标，导出了几个简单实用的设计公式。６极９相样机的实测数据证实了分析和设计方法的正确性，这种无刷直流发电机结构紧凑，效率高，特别适用于由引擎驱动的发电系统。