圆筒直线感应电机研究综述

圆筒型直线感应电动机与普通电动机的区别在于圆筒型直线电动机存在纵向端部效应.在这篇文章中,简要介绍圆筒直线感应电机的发展与结构后,分析了国内外直线电机特别是圆筒直线电机的研究现状,根据分析得出圆筒直线感应电机需要进一步研究的方向.     

Announcement

Announcement

Announcement     

De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism

Multiple studies have confirmed the contribution of rare de novo copy number variations to the risk for autism spectrum disorders. But whereas de novo single nucleotide variants have been identified in affected individuals, their contribution to risk has yet to be clarified. Specifically, the frequency and distribution of these mutations have not been well characterized in matched unaffected controls, and such data are vital to the interpretation of de novo coding mutations observed in probands. Here we show, using whole-exome sequencing of 928 individuals, including 200 phenotypically discordant sibling pairs, that highly disruptive (nonsense and splice-site) de novo mutations in brain-expressed genes are associated with autism spectrum disorders and carry large effects. On the basis of mutation rates in unaffected individuals, we demonstrate that multiple independent de novo single nucleotide variants in the same gene among unrelated probands reliably identifies risk alleles, providing a clear path forward for gene discovery. Among a total of 279 identified de novo coding mutations, there is a single instance in probands, and none in siblings, in which two independent nonsense variants disrupt the same gene, SCN2A (sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, α subunit), a result that is highly unlikely by chance.     

Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2

Autism spectrum disorders comprise a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and by repetitive behaviour. Mutations in synaptic proteins such as neuroligins, neurexins, GKAPs/SAPAPs and ProSAPs/Shanks were identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder, but the causative mechanisms remain largely unknown. ProSAPs/Shanks build large homo- and heteromeric protein complexes at excitatory synapses and organize the complex protein machinery of the postsynaptic density in a laminar fashion. Here we demonstrate that genetic deletion of ProSAP1/Shank2 results in an early, brain-region-specific upregulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors at the synapse and increased levels of ProSAP2/Shank3. Moreover, ProSAP1/Shank2(-/-) mutants exhibit fewer dendritic spines and show reduced basal synaptic transmission, a reduced frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and enhanced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory currents at the physiological level. Mutants are extremely hyperactive and display profound autistic-like behavioural alterations including repetitive grooming as well as abnormalities in vocal and social behaviours. By comparing the data on ProSAP1/Shank2(-/-) mutants with ProSAP2/Shank3αβ(-/-) mice, we show that different abnormalities in synaptic glutamate receptor expression can cause alterations in social interactions and communication. Accordingly, we propose that appropriate therapies for autism spectrum disorders are to be carefully matched to the underlying synaptopathic phenotype.     

刺楸与东北地区几种主要树种抗寒性比较

测定比较了刺楸及东北地区几种主要广布树种(紫椴、水曲柳、黄檗、榆)在低温胁迫条件下的主要抗性生理指标(脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量),并采用坐标综合评定法进行了综合评定,结果显示:刺楸的抗寒性弱于东北地区几种广布树种,从强到弱的顺序为榆>黄檗>紫椴>水曲柳>刺楸;对温度条件要求较高是限制刺楸在东北地区分布与传播的主要因子之一.     

图示教学法在工程化学课程教学中的应用

工程化学每个定律几乎都有经典的数学"模型",而且每个章节中的知识结构完整、联系紧密、内容抽象、不好理解、难记忆等特点.为此,研究了图示教学法在工程化学教学中的应用.教学实践表明,图式教学法增强了教学效果,提高了教学质量.     

“经济数学”课程教学模式改革实践与分析评估 3

以促进学生的全面发展和潜能开发为目标的"经济数学"课程教学模式改革,在"三个一工程"实践中,分别实施了分层教学、学生任选教师教学、分层+任选教师的教学模式;通过对不同教学模式的实践及效果评价,分析总结了不同教学模式在人才培养中的作用与意义,提出了提高教学质量的教学模式及其改进措施.     

逻辑综合中关键门的寻找

关键路径一直是电路性能优化的核心问题之一，门的尺寸调整和插入缓冲器是时间优化的重要方法。实际上，电路拓扑图中最长的路径不一定就是关键路径，只有在一定输入下能敏化的最长路径才是关键路径，因此，仅仅按拓扑信息优化最长的路径不一定能真正提高电路的性能，此外，仅仅利用D－算法判断路长敏化有不足之处，本文利用电路拓扑找出超出时间限制的路径，然后利用改进的FAN算法－T－FAN算法，提取关键门－即和电路整体延时有关系的门，为优化指出具体、准确的目标，实验表明，改进的算法在保证优化效果的前提下，能平均减少30％－40％优化对象。     

用柱层析和TLC分离小麦PGIP和植保素

植物抗病能力大小的测定需要比较准确可靠且相对简便的办法。采用接种病菌于植物上观察染菌情况虽然直观，但受病菌本身的生理状态及外界环境影响很大，且不便于定量的表述。因此，选择合适的生理生化指标作为植物抗性大小的衡量标准，对于植物病理的研究具有重要的意义。选择了小麦体系的两种抗性物质－ 小麦植保素和 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ Ｐ作为小麦的抗性指标来分离分析     

推广的Bernstein多项式逼近的正逆定理

讨论推广的Bernstein多项式在空间C逼近的正逆定理，得到了Bernstein多项式的相应结果．