消除7A05铝合金板材各向异性的热处理工艺

为提高7A05铝合金热轧板材的综合力学性能并减少各向异性,对7A05铝合金固溶、预时效、时效和形变处理等工艺对性能的影响进行了系统的研究. 比较了供货态、形变态、回归(RRA)态和采用预时效形变热处理的优化态热处理工艺对综合力学性能的影响. 结果表明:固溶的最佳温度为480 ℃,单级时效最佳工艺为120 ℃,24 h,双级时效中第一级时效最佳工艺为90 ℃,8 h,最佳形变为25%. 通过金相组织和力学性能测试结果表明:由于预时效析出促进形变热处理时亚晶等轴化,优化态强度高,进一步改善了合金性能,减少了轧制板材纵横向力学性能各向异性倾向.     

基于恒等变换的单摆振动解析逼近

应用修正的谐波平衡法构造了单摆大幅振动的解析逼近周期和周期解.通过引入三角变换或反三角变换将单摆振动方程恒等变形为关于新变量的Duffing方程或其他易于处理的非线性振动方程,利用牛顿谐波平衡法构造了单摆振动的解析逼近解.给出的解析逼近周期及周期解简单易用,几乎在振幅(初始摆角)的全部取值范围内,都有很高的逼近精度.     

基于多重分形谱的碳纤维复合材料表面评定方法

碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）表面的多重分形谱能表征其表面形貌特征.用TalyScan 150表面测量仪测量了CFRP的表面形貌,使用小波变换算法计算了其多重分形谱.结果表明,CFRP 3D表面的形貌与其多重分形谱密切相关,Lipschitz指数的范围可以表征表面的粗糙度,多重分形谱的数值可以表征表面的波峰和波谷的分布.同传统表面粗糙度分形维数表征方法相比,多重分形谱能表征加工表面形貌的局部特征.     

二氧化碳在转炉炼钢中的应用研究

对炼钢温度下CO2与熔池元素的反应机理进行了研究,并进行了相关热力学和动力学分析.利用30 t转炉进行顶底复吹CO2气体的炼钢工艺试验.试验结果表明:采用顶底复吹CO2试验炉次烟尘量减少了11.15%,烟尘TFe降低了12.98%,炉渣铁损降低了3.10%,试验终点钢液中[N]、[P]含量分别降低了50%和23.33%.转炉顶底复吹CO2气体炼钢工艺是完全可行的,为转炉炼钢节能降耗提供了新方法.     

基于GMM和MRF的自适应阴影检测

运动目标阴影在很大程度上会影响运动目标跟踪、行为识别的正确性和有效性.为此,文中提出了一种基于混合高斯模型和马尔科夫随机场的自适应阴影检测方法.该方法首先对混合高斯模型进行改进,使其可以自适应调整参数学习率以消除浅阴影;然后采用马尔科夫随机场综合邻域的空间依赖性信息进行精确的阴影检测.为了提高基于马尔科夫随机场的阴影检...     

区间删失数据函数的均值估计

运用无偏转换思想构造了区间删失数据函数的均值估计,并在此基础上对所构造的估计量方差进行了研究.针对Ⅰ型区间删失情况和Ⅱ型区间删失情况,找到了估计量方差有限的条件.     

An overview of resistive random access memory devices

With recent progress in material science, resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices have attracted interest for nonvolatile, low-power, nondestructive readout, and high-density memories. Relevant performance parameters of RRAM devices include operating voltage, operation speed, resistance ratio, endurance, retention time, device yield, and multilevel storage. Numerous resistive-switching mechanisms, such as conductive filament, space-charge-limited conduction, trap charging and discharging, Schottky Emission, and Pool-Frenkel emission, have been proposed to explain the resistive switching of RRAM devices. In addition to a discussion of these mechanisms, the effects of electrode materials, doped oxide materials, and different configuration devices on the resistive-switching characteristics in nonvolatile memory applications, are reviewed. Finally, suggestions for future research, as well as the challenges awaiting RRAM devices, are given.     

Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Oriental ginseng is an important medicinal plant that grows in 2 major forms or ecotypes, wild and domesticated. Each form differs conspicuously in root phenotype, but can be converted from one type to another by habitat. Here we show that the habitat-induced transformation of ginseng root phenotype was accompanied by alteration in cytosine methylation at a large number of 5′-CCGG-3′ sites detected by the methylation-sensitive polymorphism (MSAP) marker. The collective CG and CHG methylation levels of all 4 landraces of the domesticated form were significantly lower than those of the wild form. Interestingly, artificially transplanted ginseng plants recreated in both directions the methylation levels (at least in CHG) of their natural counterparts. The methylation differences between the 2 ginseng ecotypes were validated at 2 isolated MSAP loci bearing homology to a 5S rRNA gene or a copia retrotransposon. Our results implicate a link between epigenetic variation and habitat-induced phenotypic flexibility in Oriental ginseng.     

Universalities of earthquake-network characteristics

The scale-free and small-world properties are studied in detail for the complex earthquake networks constructed from the seismic data sets taken from California (USA), Japan, Iran and Chile. It is found that, in all these geographical regions, both the exponent / of the power-law connectivity distribution and the clustering coefficient C take the universal invariant values /≈1 and C≈0.85, respectively, as the cell size, which is the scale of coarse graining needed for construction of network, becomes larger than a certain value. A possible physical interpretation is given to the emergence of such remarkable invariance.     

A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.