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31.
Multi-colour organic light-emitting displays by solution processing 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Müller CD Falcou A Reckefuss N Rojahn M Wiederhirn V Rudati P Frohne H Nuyken O Becker H Meerholz K 《Nature》2003,421(6925):829-833
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) show promise for applications as high-quality self-emissive displays for portable devices such as cellular phones and personal organizers. Although monochrome operation is sufficient for some applications, the extension to multi-colour devices--such as RGB (red, green, blue) matrix displays--could greatly enhance their technological impact. Multi-colour OLEDs have been successfully fabricated by vacuum deposition of small electroluminescent molecules, but solution processing of larger molecules (electroluminescent polymers) would result in a cheaper and simpler manufacturing process. However, it has proved difficult to combine the solution processing approach with the high-resolution patterning techniques required to produce a pixelated display. Recent attempts have focused on the modification of standard printing techniques, such as screen printing and ink jetting, but those still have technical drawbacks. Here we report a class of electroluminescent polymers that can be patterned in a way similar to standard photoresist materials--soluble polymers with oxetane sidegroups that can be crosslinked photochemically to produce insoluble polymer networks in desired areas. The resolution of the process is sufficient to fabricate pixelated matrix displays. Consecutive deposition of polymers that are luminescent in each of the three RGB colours yielded a device with efficiencies comparable to state-of-the-art OLEDs and even slightly reduced onset voltages. 相似文献
32.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha controls the development of a hepatic epithelium and liver morphogenesis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Parviz F Matullo C Garrison WD Savatski L Adamson JW Ning G Kaestner KH Rossi JM Zaret KS Duncan SA 《Nature genetics》2003,34(3):292-296
Although advances have been made in understanding cell differentiation, only rudimentary knowledge exists concerning how differentiated cells form tissues and organs. We studied liver organogenesis because the cell and tissue architecture of this organ is well defined. Approximately 60% of the adult liver consists of hepatocytes that are arranged as single-cell anastomosing plates extending from the portal region of the liver lobule toward the central vein. The basal surface of the hepatocytes is separated from adjacent sinusoidal endothelial cells by the space of Disse, where the exchange of substances between serum and hepatocytes takes place. The hepatocyte's apical surface forms bile canaliculi that transport bile to the hepatic ducts. Proper liver architecture is crucial for hepatic function and is commonly disrupted in disease states, including cirrhosis and hepatitis. Here we report that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (Hnf4alpha) is essential for morphological and functional differentiation of hepatocytes, accumulation of hepatic glycogen stores and generation of a hepatic epithelium. We show that Hnf4alpha is a dominant regulator of the epithelial phenotype because its ectopic expression in fibroblasts induces a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Most importantly, the morphogenetic parameters controlled by Hnf4alpha in hepatocytes are essential for normal liver architecture, including the organization of the sinusoidal endothelium. 相似文献
33.
Hubert Bader Klaus Dorn Bernd Hupfer Helmut Ringsdorf 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1991,47(1):A15-A23
Posters
Membrane biology and signal transduction 相似文献34.
Mutations in the gene encoding the 3'-5' DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lee-Kirsch MA Gong M Chowdhury D Senenko L Engel K Lee YA de Silva U Bailey SL Witte T Vyse TJ Kere J Pfeiffer C Harvey S Wong A Koskenmies S Hummel O Rohde K Schmidt RE Dominiczak AF Gahr M Hollis T Perrino FW Lieberman J Hübner N 《Nature genetics》2007,39(9):1065-1067
TREX1 acts in concert with the SET complex in granzyme A-mediated apoptosis, and mutations in TREX1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and familial chilblain lupus. Here, we report monoallelic frameshift or missense mutations and one 3' UTR variant of TREX1 present in 9/417 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus but absent in 1,712 controls (P = 4.1 x 10(-7)). We demonstrate that two mutant TREX1 alleles alter subcellular targeting. Our findings implicate TREX1 in the pathogenesis of SLE. 相似文献
35.
DMP1 mutations in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia implicate a bone matrix protein in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Lorenz-Depiereux B Bastepe M Benet-Pagès A Amyere M Wagenstaller J Müller-Barth U Badenhoop K Kaiser SM Rittmaster RS Shlossberg AH Olivares JL Loris C Ramos FJ Glorieux F Vikkula M Jüppner H Strom TM 《Nature genetics》2006,38(11):1248-1250
Hypophosphatemia is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Here, we mapped an autosomal recessive form (designated ARHP) to chromosome 4q21 and identified homozygous mutations in DMP1 (dentin matrix protein 1), which encodes a non-collagenous bone matrix protein expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Intact plasma levels of the phosphaturic protein FGF23 were clearly elevated in two of four affected individuals, providing a possible explanation for the phosphaturia and inappropriately normal 1,25(OH)2D levels and suggesting that DMP1 may regulate FGF23 expression. 相似文献
36.
37.
The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller functional systems with nanometre dimensions is the autonomous ordering and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined surfaces. This approach combines ease of fabrication with exquisite control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the surface structures formed. Once the mechanisms controlling the self-ordering phenomena are fully understood, the self-assembly and growth processes can be steered to create a wide range of surface nanostructures from metallic, semiconducting and molecular materials. 相似文献
38.
Senderek J Krieger M Stendel C Bergmann C Moser M Breitbach-Faller N Rudnik-Schöneborn S Blaschek A Wolf NI Harting I North K Smith J Muntoni F Brockington M Quijano-Roy S Renault F Herrmann R Hendershot LM Schröder JM Lochmüller H Topaloglu H Voit T Weis J Ebinger F Zerres K 《Nature genetics》2005,37(12):1312-1314
SIL1 (also called BAP) acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the Hsp70 chaperone BiP (also called GRP78), which is a key regulator of the main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum. We found nine distinct mutations that would disrupt the SIL1 protein in individuals with Marinesco-Sj?gren syndrome, an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia complicated by cataracts, developmental delay and myopathy. Identification of SIL1 mutations implicates Marinesco-Sj?gren syndrome as a disease of endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and suggests a role for this organelle in multisystem disorders. 相似文献
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