Generation of functional multipotent adult stem cells from GPR125+ germline progenitors

Adult mammalian testis is a source of pluripotent stem cells. However, the lack of specific surface markers has hampered identification and tracking of the unrecognized subset of germ cells that gives rise to multipotent cells. Although embryonic-like cells can be derived from adult testis cultures after only several weeks in vitro, it is not known whether adult self-renewing spermatogonia in long-term culture can generate such stem cells as well. Here, we show that highly proliferative adult spermatogonial progenitor cells (SPCs) can be efficiently obtained by cultivation on mitotically inactivated testicular feeders containing CD34+ stromal cells. SPCs exhibit testicular repopulating activity in vivo and maintain the ability in long-term culture to give rise to multipotent adult spermatogonial-derived stem cells (MASCs). Furthermore, both SPCs and MASCs express GPR125, an orphan adhesion-type G-protein-coupled receptor. In knock-in mice bearing a GPR125-beta-galactosidase (LacZ) fusion protein under control of the native Gpr125 promoter (GPR125-LacZ), expression in the testis was detected exclusively in spermatogonia and not in differentiated germ cells. Primary GPR125-LacZ SPC lines retained GPR125 expression, underwent clonal expansion, maintained the phenotype of germline stem cells, and reconstituted spermatogenesis in busulphan-treated mice. Long-term cultures of GPR125+ SPCs (GSPCs) also converted into GPR125+ MASC colonies. GPR125+ MASCs generated derivatives of the three germ layers and contributed to chimaeric embryos, with concomitant downregulation of GPR125 during differentiation into GPR125- cells. MASCs also differentiated into contractile cardiac tissue in vitro and formed functional blood vessels in vivo. Molecular bookmarking by GPR125 in the adult mouse and, ultimately, in the human testis could enrich for a population of SPCs for derivation of GPR125+ MASCs, which may be employed for genetic manipulation, tissue regeneration and revascularization of ischaemic organs.     

采用BDMA从硫酸溶液中液–液萃取分离磷

This study addresses the liquid-liquid extraction behavior of phosphorus from a sulfuric acid solution using benzyl dimethyl amine (BDMA) in kerosene. The extraction equilibria investigated with varied BDMA concentrations could reveal the formation of3[BDMA]·[H3PO4]complex in the organic phase. The thermodynamic properties determined at various temperatures indicated that the pro-cess was exothermic with a calculated enthalpy (△H(〇)) of ?24.0 kJ·mol?1. The organic-to-aqueous phase (O/A) volume ratio was varied to elu-cidate the quantitative extraction of phosphorus. The McCabe-Thiele diagram plotted for the extraction isotherm was validated for the require-ment of three counter-current stages in the extraction at an O/A volume ratio of 2.0/3.5. The back-extraction of phosphorus from the loaded or-ganic phase was quantitatively achieved by contacting 4.0 mol·L?1 H2SO4 solution in three stages of counter-current contact at an O/A volume ratio of 3/2. This study can be applied to remove phosphorus from the sulfuric acid leach solutions of monazite processing, and many other solutions.     

An analytical solution for VOCs emission from multiple sources/sinks in buildings

An analytical solution is presented to describe the emission/sorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） from/on multiple single-layer materials coexisting in buildings. The diffusion of VOCs within each material is described by a transient diffusion equation. All diffusion equations are coupled with each other through the equation of mass conservation in the air. The analytical solution is validated by the experimental data in literature. Compared to the one-material case, the coexistence of multiple materials may decrease the emission rate of VOCs from each material. The smaller the diffusion coefficient is, the more the emission rate decreases. Whether a material is a source or a sink in the case of multiple materials coexisting is not affected by the diffusion coefficient. For the case of multiple materials with different partition coefficients, a material with a high partition coefficient may become a sink. This may promote the emission of VOCs from other materials.