Ni、Cu、Pt掺杂改性锐钛矿相TiO2原理的全势线性缀加平面波法分析

利用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的全势线性缀加平面波(FP-LAPW)法,计算并比较Ni、Cu、Pt掺杂前后锐钛矿相TiO2晶体的能隙和电子态密度.计算结果表明,Ni、Cu、Pt掺杂后TiO2 的带隙分别为1 33、1 87和1 17 eV,相对于未掺杂的锐钛矿相TiO2(带隙为2 30 eV)都有明显的变窄,因而使吸收光谱红移.对于相同剂量的掺杂,同周期的Ni比Cu的掺杂效果更明显,同副族的Pt比Ni的掺杂效果更明显.     

Vector auto regression modeling and forecasting

This paper provides an introduction to vector auto regression models, explaining their origins and their use for modeling and forecasting. The recent developments of structural modeling and the treatment of non-stationary variables are also considered.     

Single amino acid substitutions insn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase allozymes fromDrosophila virilis

Summary The amino acid sequence was compared among the three allelic variants (allozymes) ofsn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inD. virilis, which are detected by one-dimensional electrophoresis. The GPDH^f variant was different from the GPDH^m by only one substitution of 68-lysine for asparagine; GPDH^s differed from GPDH^m by substitution of 127-glycine for arginine. No electrophoretically silent substitutions were found in a total of 352 amino acid residues.     

Some Thoughts on Multimethodology

This paper poses questions to which I have only tentative answers. It considers the limitations that practice places on any theoretical statements about how methodologies might be mixed, merged, or compared. It draws attention to less ambitious ways of improving the processes that we individually use and to aspects of process which I judge to be of central importance.     

Sleep behaviour: sleep in continuously active dolphins

Sleep has been assumed to be necessary for development and to be a vital function in mammals and other animals. However, Lyamin et al. claim that in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and killer whales (Orcinus orca), neonates and their mothers show almost no sleep behaviour for the first month after birth; this conclusion is based on their observation that the cetaceans keep swimming, avoid obstacles and rarely close their eyes for 24 hours a day throughout that period. Here we analyse the behaviour and eye closure of three neonate-mother pairs of bottlenose dolphins and find that, although the animals tend to open both eyes when surfacing to breathe, one or both eyes are closed during 'swim rest', an underwater sleeping behaviour that is associated with continuous activity. This observation calls into question the conclusions of Lyamin et al., who overlooked this type of sleep by analysing the animals' eye state only when they surfaced to breathe.     

微阵列制备机器人分向前馈误差补偿控制

为了提高半闭环微阵列制备机器人的定位精度,根据机器人运动误差具有方向性的特点,提出了分向前馈误差补偿技术。建立了微阵列制备机器人系统误差前馈补偿的传递函数模型,对系统的准确性、快速性与稳定性进行分析,从理论上证明该方法在提高机器人精度方面是可行有效的。研究并实施了回程误差与其他非线性误差的分向补偿算法。在清华大学开发的...     

Absence of effects of Sir2 overexpression on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila

Overexpression of sirtuins (NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases) has been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Studies of the effects of genes on ageing are vulnerable to confounding effects of genetic background. Here we re-examined the reported effects of sirtuin overexpression on ageing and found that standardization of genetic background and the use of appropriate controls abolished the apparent effects in both C. elegans and Drosophila. In C. elegans, outcrossing of a line with high-level sir-2.1 overexpression abrogated the longevity increase, but did not abrogate sir-2.1 overexpression. Instead, longevity co-segregated with a second-site mutation affecting sensory neurons. Outcrossing of a line with low-copy-number sir-2.1 overexpression also abrogated longevity. A Drosophila strain with ubiquitous overexpression of dSir2 using the UAS-GAL4 system was long-lived relative to wild-type controls, as previously reported, but was not long-lived relative to the appropriate transgenic controls, and nor was a new line with stronger overexpression of dSir2. These findings underscore the importance of controlling for genetic background and for the mutagenic effects of transgene insertions in studies of genetic effects on lifespan. The life-extending effect of dietary restriction on ageing in Drosophila has also been reported to be dSir2 dependent. We found that dietary restriction increased fly lifespan independently of dSir2. Our findings do not rule out a role for sirtuins in determination of metazoan lifespan, but they do cast doubt on the robustness of the previously reported effects of sirtuins on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila.     

Frequent pathway mutations of splicing machinery in myelodysplasia

Myelodysplastic syndromes and related disorders (myelodysplasia) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms showing deregulated blood cell production with evidence of myeloid dysplasia and a predisposition to acute myeloid leukaemia, whose pathogenesis is only incompletely understood. Here we report whole-exome sequencing of 29 myelodysplasia specimens, which unexpectedly revealed novel pathway mutations involving multiple components of the RNA splicing machinery, including U2AF35, ZRSR2, SRSF2 and SF3B1. In a large series analysis, these splicing pathway mutations were frequent (～45 to ～85%) in, and highly specific to, myeloid neoplasms showing features of myelodysplasia. Conspicuously, most of the mutations, which occurred in a mutually exclusive manner, affected genes involved in the 3'-splice site recognition during pre-mRNA processing, inducing abnormal RNA splicing and compromised haematopoiesis. Our results provide the first evidence indicating that genetic alterations of the major splicing components could be involved in human pathogenesis, also implicating a novel therapeutic possibility for myelodysplasia.