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51.
P Sundd E Gutierrez EK Koltsova Y Kuwano S Fukuda MK Pospieszalska A Groisman K Ley 《Nature》2012,488(7411):399-403
Most leukocytes can roll along the walls of venules at low shear stress (1?dyn?cm?2), but neutrophils have the ability to roll at tenfold higher shear stress in microvessels in vivo. The mechanisms involved in this shear-resistant rolling are known to involve cell flattening and pulling of long membrane tethers at the rear. Here we show that these long tethers do not retract as postulated, but instead persist and appear as 'slings' at the front of rolling cells. We demonstrate slings in a model of acute inflammation in vivo and on P-selectin in vitro, where P-selectin-glycoprotein-ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is found in discrete sticky patches whereas LFA-1 is expressed over the entire length on slings. As neutrophils roll forward, slings wrap around the rolling cells and undergo a step-wise peeling from the P-selectin substrate enabled by the failure of PSGL-1 patches under hydrodynamic forces. The 'step-wise peeling of slings' is distinct from the 'pulling of tethers' reported previously. Each sling effectively lays out a cell-autonomous adhesive substrate in front of neutrophils rolling at high shear stress during inflammation. 相似文献
52.
Normal development of the cerebral cortex is an important process for higher brain functions, such as language, and cognitive and social functions. Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, are thought to develop owing to various dysfunctions occurring during the development of the cerebral cortex. Radial neuronal migration in the embryonic cerebral cortex is a complex process, which is achieved by strict control of cytoskeletal dynamics, and impairments in this process are suggested to cause various psychiatric disorders. Our recent findings indicate that radial neuronal migration as well as psychiatric behaviors is rescued by controlling microtubule stability during the embryonic stage. In this review, we outline the relationship between psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, and radial neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex by focusing on the cytoskeleton and centrosomes. New treatment strategies for psychiatric disorders will be discussed. 相似文献
53.
54.
Detection of regime switches between stationary and nonstationary processes and economic forecasting
Kosei Fukuda 《Journal of forecasting》2005,24(4):255-267
It often occurs that no model may be exactly right, and that different portions of the data may favour different models. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new procedure for the detection of regime switches between stationary and nonstationary processes in economic time series and to show its usefulness in economic forecasting. In the proposed procedure, time series observations are divided into several segments, and a stationary or nonstationary autoregressive model is fitted to each segment. The goodness of fit of the global model composed of these local models is evaluated using the corresponding information criterion, and the division which minimizes the information criterion defines the best model. Simulation and forecasting results show the efficacy and limitations of the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Human bystin was identified as a cytoplasmic protein directly binding to trophinin, a cell adhesion molecule potentially involved
in human embryo implantation. Although the trophinin gene is unique to mammals, the bystin gene (BYSL) is conserved across eukaryotes. Recent studies show that bystin plays a key role during the transition from silent trophectoderm
to an active trophoblast upon trophinin-mediated cell adhesion. Bystin gene knockout and knockdown experiments demonstrate
that bystin is essential for embryonic stem cell survival and trophectoderm development in the mouse. Furthermore, biochemical
analysis of bystin in human cancer cells and mouse embryos indicates a function in ribosomal biogenesis, specifically in processing
of 18S RNA in the 40S subunit. Strong evidence that BYSL is a target of c-MYC is consistent with a role for bystin in rapid protein synthesis, which is required for actively growing
cells.
Received 30 June 2007; received after revision 7 August 2007; accepted 29 August 2007 相似文献
56.
Fukuda M 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(18):2801-2813
Secretion is a fundamental biological activity of all eukaryotic cells by which they release certain substances in the extracellular space. It is considered a specialized mode of membrane trafficking that is achieved by docking and fusion of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane (i.e., exocytosis). Secretory vesicle traffic is thought to be regulated by a family of Rab small GTPases, which are regulators of membrane traffic that are common to all eukaryotic cells. Classically, mammalian Rab3 subfamily members were thought to be critical regulators of secretory vesicle exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells, but recent genetic and proteomic studies indicate that Rab3 is not the sole Rab isoform that regulates secretory vesicle traffic. Rather, additional Rab isoforms, especially Rab27 subfamily members, are required for this process. In this article I review the current literature on the function of Rab isoforms and their effectors in regulated secretory vesicle traffic. 相似文献
57.
58.
Role of acetylcholine receptor subunits in gating of the channel 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
B Sakmann C Methfessel M Mishina T Takahashi T Takai M Kurasaki K Fukuda S Numa 《Nature》1985,318(6046):538-543
The Torpedo and calf acetylcholine receptors and hybrids composed of subunits from the two species have been produced in Xenopus oocytes by the use of the cloned complementary DNAs. Single-channel current measurements indicate that these receptors form channels of similar conductance but with different gating behaviour. 相似文献
59.
K. Fukui M. Nakayama S. Fujimoto O. Fukuda 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1969,25(4):354-355
Zusammenfassung Die Synthese von Isohalfordin (3,4, 8-Trimethoxyfuro[3,2:6, 7]cumarin) aus 6,7-Dihydroxy-2, 3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan wird beschrieben. 相似文献
60.
Summary The threshold concentration of endothelin to induce contractions in porcine cerebral arteries (anterior cerebral, Willis ring and basilar artery) was lower than those for coronary and renal arteries. The median effective concentrations (ED50) of endothelin in cerebral arteries were also significantly lower than those for coronary and renal arteries. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity to endothelin among cerebral arteries, or between coronary and renal arteries. The maximal percentage of contractions induced by endothelin, as compared to that induced by 10–1 M potassium chloride, was not significantly different between the arteries. 相似文献