Magnetic cues trigger extensive refuelling.

Long stretches of sea and desert often interrupt the migration routes of small songbirds, whose fat reserves must be restored before these can be crossed as they provide no opportunity for refuelling. To investigate whether magnetic cues might enable inexperienced migratory birds to recognize a region where they need to replenish their body fat, we caught and held thrush nightingales (Luscinia luscinia) in Sweden just before their first migration and exposed them to a magnetic field simulating that at a migratory stopover in northern Egypt, before the Sahara Desert. We found that this magnetic field stimulated the birds to extend their fat-deposition period, indicating that magnetic cues may help small migratory birds to confront large ecological barriers.     

论金帐汗国的伊斯兰化

伊斯兰教在金帐汗别儿哥汗时被接受、月即别汗时成为国教的进程，是一个相对平稳的渐进过程，苏非派、花刺子模穆斯林和埃及马木路克王朝在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。金帐汗利用浅显的伊斯兰教及其势力建立和维护统治，同时又坚持了原有的激牧传统，这是金帐汗国存续较长的原因。没有发达的伊斯兰明，又与基督教尤其是东亚教明距离是金帐汗国的特色。     

日本满洲农业移民政策的演变

日本满州农业移民政策的演变过程表明，日本农业移民不是单纯的经济移民而是为日本帝国主义殖民侵略政策服务的，具有军事性、政治性、法西斯性的“国策移民”，其政策演变有如下特点：（１）表面上是拓务省、关东军、加藤集团共同制订的，但始终起主导作用的是军部在中国的代理－关东军。（２）移民政策演变过程与日本法西斯体制形成过程及扩大侵略战争过程同步。     

π—块覆盖的特征标对应

从特征标诱导对应的角度讨论了π－块覆盖的Ｃｌｉｆｆｏｒｄ定理，推广了ｐ－块论中的相关结论。     

The Combinatorial Approach to Asymmetric Hydrogenation: More Miles out of Monophos

1Introduction In custom manufacturing time-to-market is of overriding importance. Thus, asymmetric hydrogenation will be applied only if an appropriate catalyst can be found in a very short period of time. For this reason we have build up a full-scale capability for High Throughput Experimentation, encompassing several robot systems. As ligand synthesis was the last remaining barrier we have explored, together with the University of Groningen, the use of simple monodentate ligands, such as MonoPhosTM. These ligands can be synthesised in two chemical steps, from BINOL, PCl3 and an amine.Surprisingly, very high enantioselectivities can be obtained in the asymmetric hydrogenation of α-and β-dehydro-amino acids and esters, aromatic enamides, itaconic acid and ester[1]. See Scheme 1 and 2(at page 830).     

Effects of insulin on plasma fibrinogen levels in rats submitted to tissue injury or ACTH administration.

Insulin is necessary to produce an increase of plasma fibrinogen in rats submitted to tissue injury or ACTH administration. This increase is more significant when endogenous or exogenous excess of insulin is present, while in uninjured rats the absence or excess insulin does not modify plasma fibrinogen.     

Mechanistic artefact explanation

One thing about technical artefacts that needs to be explained is how their physical make-up, or structure, enables them to fulfil the behaviour associated with their function, or, more colloquially, how they work. In this paper I develop an account of such explanations based on the familiar notion of mechanistic explanation. To accomplish this, I (1) outline two explanatory strategies that provide two different types of insight into an artefact’s functioning, and (2) show how human action inevitably plays a role in artefact explanation. I then use my own account to criticize other recent work on mechanistic explanation and conclude with some general implications for the philosophy of explanation.     

改进自由动态子结构方法及应用

论述了改进自由动态子结构方法，并通过对十层井塔的分析计算，论述了该方法的适用条件及优越性。     

羟胺二磺酸盐磺化水解生成铵盐的反应过程 I.羟胺二磺酸钾的磺化反应

针对湿法同时脱硫脱硝工艺 ,提出通过构造一个液相反应过程 ,将 NOx 和 SO2 溶解在溶液中生成的 NO2 -2 和 SO2 -3 经过一系列连续的液相离子反应生成有利用价值的 NH+4 ,实现资源的合理利用。在 35°C～ 74°C,离子强度为 0 .5 5 mol/L时对羟胺二磺酸钾磺化反应动力学进行了研究 ,得出反应的动力学方程为 :- dcHIDSdt =kc HON( SO3) 2 -2 · c HSO-3,其中 k=5 .5 0 9× 1 0 8· e-6.154× 10 4 / RT;在5 0°C、离子强度为 0 .31 mol/L～ 0 .65 mol/L时 ,研究了该反应的盐效应 ,结果表明该反应呈负盐效应 ,离子强度为零时 ,有最大的速率常数 k0 =0 .0 2 4 7L /( mol· min)     

Positional cloning of the combined hyperlipidemia gene Hyplip1.

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL, MIM-144250) is a common, multifactorial and heterogeneous dyslipidemia predisposing to premature coronary artery disease and characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, or both. We identified a mutant mouse strain, HcB-19/Dem (HcB-19), that shares features with FCHL, including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, elevated plasma apolipoprotein B and increased secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The hyperlipidemia results from spontaneous mutation at a locus, Hyplip1, on distal mouse chromosome 3 in a region syntenic with a 1q21-q23 FCHL locus identified in Finnish, German, Chinese and US families. We fine-mapped Hyplip1 to roughly 160 kb, constructed a BAC contig and sequenced overlapping BACs to identify 13 candidate genes. We found substantially decreased mRNA expression for thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip). Sequencing of the critical region revealed a Txnip nonsense mutation in HcB-19 that is absent in its normolipidemic parental strains. Txnip encodes a cytoplasmic protein that binds and inhibits thioredoxin, a major regulator of cellular redox state. The mutant mice have decreased CO2 production but increased ketone body synthesis, suggesting that altered redox status down-regulates the citric-acid cycle, sparing fatty acids for triglyceride and ketone body production. These results reveal a new pathway of potential clinical significance that contributes to plasma lipid metabolism.