混凝土工程裂缝原因与预防

混凝土经常出现的裂缝有温度裂缝、干龟裂、干缩裂缝、沉陷裂缝、坍落裂缝。分析了5种裂缝出现的原因，提出了相应的预防措施。     

家庭装潢中水管的选择

在室内装潢方面，人们较注重室内布局和装饰，而对给水管道则极少关注．应引起足够的重视。在建筑给水系统中由新型塑料管材替代金属管材已成为趋势。所以，室内给水管应选用新型塑料管材，并且应根据新型塑料管材的特点进行施工。确保给水系统的安装质量。     

山西省水资源可持续开发利用问题浅析

在对山西省水资源开发利用所面临的问题进行剖析的基础上。提出了合理开发地下水资源、拉制水资源污染、发展节水工程和实行水资源的统一管理等科学、合理开发利用水资源的对策。     

一株来自青藏高原土壤日本曲霉菌的分离鉴定及其杀东亚飞蝗活性研究

采用稀释涂布法从青藏高原采集的土样中分离得到一株具有杀蝗虫活性真菌D3-19.通过形态学观察以及ITS序列的分析,初步将D3-19鉴定为曲霉属日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicas).室内活性测定结果表明日本曲霉D3-19发酵液和孢子均有杀东亚飞蝗活性.其中,真菌发酵液对东亚飞蝗校正死亡率为:96h(86.67%),144h(100%).与此同时,真菌孢子悬液对东亚飞蝗的LC50(致死中浓度)为3.42×105孢子/mL.研究结果表明,3×108孢子/mL的D3-19孢子悬液对不同年龄阶段东亚飞蝗均有致死效果.其LT50(半致死时间)值分别为:羽化成虫(155h),四至五龄成虫(104.8h),三龄幼虫(54.6h),二龄幼虫(30.6h).     

竖向偏心荷载作用下吸力桶荷载-变形特性非共轴本构数值分析

在竖向偏心荷载作用下建立吸力式桶形基础数值分析模型,采用砂土非共轴弹塑性本构模型研究土体主应力方向旋转和非共轴角度的变化规律,探讨非共轴特性对吸力桶力学特性的影响.主要研究结论表明:在地基变形过程中,非共轴角度呈现先增大后减小的发展趋势.随着偏心距的增加,等效塑性应变在地基中的分布范围逐渐减小,非共轴特性也将减弱,非共轴特性对荷载-变形特性的影响逐渐减弱.对于桶壁端部阻力和桶壁外侧摩擦阻力,非共轴特性的影响随着偏心距的增加而减弱.对于桶体顶部阻力和桶壁内侧摩擦阻力,非共轴特性的影响随着偏心距的增加而逐渐显著.     

变数据窗阻抗算法的频域分析方法研究

分析典型变数据窗阻抗算法的估计原理和特点 ,提出了一种适用于不同阻抗估计算法的新型频率响应计算方法 ,为不同算法的频域特性分析和比较提供了共同的基础 .该方法也可用于对算法抑制非周期分量的性能进行分析研究     

Complex reorganization and predominant non-homologous repair following chromosomal breakage in karyotypically balanced germline rearrangements and transgenic integration

We defined the genetic landscape of balanced chromosomal rearrangements at nucleotide resolution by sequencing 141 breakpoints from cytogenetically interpreted translocations and inversions. We confirm that the recently described phenomenon of 'chromothripsis' (massive chromosomal shattering and reorganization) is not unique to cancer cells but also occurs in the germline, where it can resolve to a relatively balanced state with frequent inversions. We detected a high incidence of complex rearrangements (19.2%) and substantially less reliance on microhomology (31%) than previously observed in benign copy-number variants (CNVs). We compared these results to experimentally generated DNA breakage-repair by sequencing seven transgenic animals, revealing extensive rearrangement of the transgene and host genome with similar complexity to human germline alterations. Inversion was the most common rearrangement, suggesting that a combined mechanism involving template switching and non-homologous repair mediates the formation of balanced complex rearrangements that are viable, stably replicated and transmitted unaltered to subsequent generations.     

Heritable and inducible genetic interference by double-stranded RNA encoded by transgenes

Double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective method for disrupting expression of specific genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and other organisms. Applications of this reverse-genetics tool, however, are somewhat restricted in nematodes because introduced dsRNA is not stably inherited. Another difficulty is that RNAi disruption of late-acting genes has been generally less consistent than that of embryonically expressed genes, perhaps because the concentration of dsRNA becomes lower as cellular division proceeds or as developmental time advances. In particular, some neuronally expressed genes appear refractory to dsRNA-mediated interference. We sought to extend the applicability of RNAi by in vivo expression of heritable inverted-repeat (IR) genes. We assayed the efficacy of in vivo-driven RNAi in three situations for which heritable, inducible RNAi would be advantageous: (i) production of large numbers of animals deficient for gene activities required for viability or reproduction; (ii) generation of large populations of phenocopy mutants for biochemical analysis; and (iii) effective gene inactivation in the nervous system. We report that heritable IR genes confer potent and specific gene inactivation for each of these applications. We suggest that a similar strategy might be used to test for dsRNA interference effects in higher organisms in which it is feasible to construct transgenic animals, but impossible to directly or transiently introduce high concentrations of dsRNA.     

Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein beta-secretase from human brain

Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide, which is thought to be causal for the pathology and subsequent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage by beta-secretase at the amino terminus of the Abeta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated carboxy-terminal fragment. Cleavage of the C-terminal fragment by gamma-secretase(s) leads to the formation of Abeta. The pathogenic mutation K670M671-->N670L671 at the beta-secretase cleavage site in APP, which was discovered in a Swedish family with familial Alzheimer's disease, leads to increased beta-secretase cleavage of the mutant substrate. Here we describe a membrane-bound enzyme activity that cleaves full-length APP at the beta-secretase cleavage site, and find it to be the predominant beta-cleavage activity in human brain. We have purified this enzyme activity to homogeneity from human brain using a new substrate analogue inhibitor of the enzyme activity, and show that the purified enzyme has all the properties predicted for beta-secretase. Cloning and expression of the enzyme reveals that human brain beta-secretase is a new membrane-bound aspartic proteinase.     

Far-infrared Absorption Spectra and Properties of SnO2 Nanorods

Nanostructured materials have drawn considerable attention because they are promising candidates for nextgeneration electronic and photonic devices with low power consumption[1-5]. A number of methods, such as laser ablation[6], template-induced growth[7], arc discharge [8], vapor transport [9], and molecular-beam epitaxy[10] have been developed to synthesize Si, Ge, MgO,SnO2, GaN, and Ga2O3 nanowires or nanorods[11-15].