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排序方式: 共有152条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
131.
Buchhave LA Latham DW Johansen A Bizzarro M Torres G Rowe JF Batalha NM Borucki WJ Brugamyer E Caldwell C Bryson ST Ciardi DR Cochran WD Endl M Esquerdo GA Ford EB Geary JC Gilliland RL Hansen T Isaacson H Laird JB Lucas PW Marcy GW Morse JA Robertson P Shporer A Stefanik RP Still M Quinn SN 《Nature》2012,486(7403):375-377
The abundance of heavy elements (metallicity) in the photospheres of stars similar to the Sun provides a 'fossil' record of the chemical composition of the initial protoplanetary disk. Metal-rich stars are much more likely to harbour gas giant planets, supporting the model that planets form by accumulation of dust and ice particles. Recent ground-based surveys suggest that this correlation is weakened for Neptunian-sized planets. However, how the relationship between size and metallicity extends into the regime of terrestrial-sized exoplanets is unknown. Here we report spectroscopic metallicities of the host stars of 226 small exoplanet candidates discovered by NASA's Kepler mission, including objects that are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets in the Solar System. We find that planets with radii less than four Earth radii form around host stars with a wide range of metallicities (but on average a metallicity close to that of the Sun), whereas large planets preferentially form around stars with higher metallicities. This observation suggests that terrestrial planets may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy, with no special requirement of enhanced metallicity for their formation. 相似文献
132.
Solit DB Garraway LA Pratilas CA Sawai A Getz G Basso A Ye Q Lobo JM She Y Osman I Golub TR Sebolt-Leopold J Sellers WR Rosen N 《Nature》2006,439(7074):358-362
The kinase pathway comprising RAS, RAF, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in most human tumours, often through gain-of-function mutations of RAS and RAF family members. Using small-molecule inhibitors of MEK and an integrated genetic and pharmacologic analysis, we find that mutation of BRAF is associated with enhanced and selective sensitivity to MEK inhibition when compared to either 'wild-type' cells or cells harbouring a RAS mutation. This MEK dependency was observed in BRAF mutant cells regardless of tissue lineage, and correlated with both downregulation of cyclin D1 protein expression and the induction of G1 arrest. Pharmacological MEK inhibition completely abrogated tumour growth in BRAF mutant xenografts, whereas RAS mutant tumours were only partially inhibited. These data suggest an exquisite dependency on MEK activity in BRAF mutant tumours, and offer a rational therapeutic strategy for this genetically defined tumour subtype. 相似文献
133.
Scherer SE Muzny DM Buhay CJ Chen R Cree A Ding Y Dugan-Rocha S Gill R Gunaratne P Harris RA Hawes AC Hernandez J Hodgson AV Hume J Jackson A Khan ZM Kovar-Smith C Lewis LR Lozado RJ Metzker ML Milosavljevic A Miner GR Montgomery KT Morgan MB Nazareth LV Scott G Sodergren E Song XZ Steffen D Lovering RC Wheeler DA Worley KC Yuan Y Zhang Z Adams CQ Ansari-Lari MA Ayele M Brown MJ Chen G Chen Z Clerc-Blankenburg KP Davis C Delgado O Dinh HH Draper H Gonzalez-Garay ML Havlak P Jackson LR Jacob LS 《Nature》2006,440(7082):346-351
Human chromosome 12 contains more than 1,400 coding genes and 487 loci that have been directly implicated in human disease. The q arm of chromosome 12 contains one of the largest blocks of linkage disequilibrium found in the human genome. Here we present the finished sequence of human chromosome 12, which has been finished to high quality and spans approximately 132 megabases, representing approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Alignment of the human chromosome 12 sequence across vertebrates reveals the origin of individual segments in chicken, and a unique history of rearrangement through rodent and primate lineages. The rate of base substitutions in recent evolutionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents. 相似文献
134.
Judith P. Armitage R. J. Rowbury D. G. Smith 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1976,32(10):1266-1267
Summary The levels of cyclic AMP and adenyl cyclase in swarming and non-swarming cells ofProteus mirabilis and the effect of glucose on swarming have been investigated. The results indicate that cAMP is required for swarming, but that the flagellar derepression characteristic of swarming does not result from increased cAMP levels.One of the authors (JPA) thanks the S.R.C. for financial support. 相似文献
135.
D. G. Bamford D. E. Biggs P. Chaplen M. Davis Judith Maconochie 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1972,28(9):1069-1070
Résumé Le M&B 15.944 (éthiodide dep-diméthylaminophényl heptyl cétone thiosémicarbazone) est un curarisant dont la brève durée d'action est comparable à celle de la succinylcholine chez divers espèces y compris le singe. Le méchanisme du blocage neuromusculaire provoqué par le M&B 15.944 est compétitif. 相似文献
136.
Judith Polonsky Zoïa Varon H. Jacquemin G. R. Pettit 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1978,34(9):1122-1123
Summary An investigation of the Guyana plantSimarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) for antineoplastic quassinoids led to isolation and structural determination of the new quassinoids 2-acetylglaucarubine (1a) and 13,18-dehydroglaucarubinone (2). The previously known 2-acetylglaucarubinone (3a) and glaucarubinone (3b) were also obtained. The new quassinoid2 was found significantly to inhibit growth of the murine lymphocytic leukemia P388.Antineoplastic agents 59. For part 58 refer to M. T. Edgar, G.R. Pettit and T.H. Smith, J. org. Chem., in preparation.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Mr B. Septe for providing the13C-NMR-data. Dr Jean H. Schmidt and Miss Linda M. Lange for assistance with biological studies.—G.R. Pettit is grateful to the National Cancer Institute (performed pursuant to contract No. N01-67048 with the Division of Cancer Treatment, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare), Public Health Services Research grant No. CA 16049-03 from the National Cancer Institute, the Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, Talley Industries, and the Phoenix Coca-Cola Bottling Co., for partial support of this investigation. 相似文献
137.
Gurumurthy S Xie SZ Alagesan B Kim J Yusuf RZ Saez B Tzatsos A Ozsolak F Milos P Ferrari F Park PJ Shirihai OS Scadden DT Bardeesy N 《Nature》2010,468(7324):659-663
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can convert between growth states that have marked differences in bioenergetic needs. Although often quiescent in adults, these cells become proliferative upon physiological demand. Balancing HSC energetics in response to nutrient availability and growth state is poorly understood, yet essential for the dynamism of the haematopoietic system. Here we show that the Lkb1 tumour suppressor is critical for the maintenance of energy homeostasis in haematopoietic cells. Lkb1 inactivation in adult mice causes loss of HSC quiescence followed by rapid depletion of all haematopoietic subpopulations. Lkb1-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit mitochondrial defects, alterations in lipid and nucleotide metabolism, and depletion of cellular ATP. The haematopoietic effects are largely independent of Lkb1 regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Instead, these data define a central role for Lkb1 in restricting HSC entry into cell cycle and in broadly maintaining energy homeostasis in haematopoietic cells through a novel metabolic checkpoint. 相似文献
138.
Calmodulin interacts with MLO protein to regulate defence against mildew in barley 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
Kim MC Panstruga R Elliott C Müller J Devoto A Yoon HW Park HC Cho MJ Schulze-Lefert P 《Nature》2002,416(6879):447-451
In plants, defence against specific isolates of a pathogen can be triggered by the presence of a corresponding race-specific resistance gene, whereas resistance of a more broad-spectrum nature can result from recessive, presumably loss-of-regulatory-function, mutations. An example of the latter are mlo mutations in barley, which have been successful in agriculture for the control of powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei; Bgh). MLO protein resides in the plasma membrane, has seven transmembrane domains, and is the prototype of a sequence-diversified family unique to plants, reminiscent of the seven-transmembrane receptors in fungi and animals. In animals, these are known as G-protein-coupled receptors and exist in three main families, lacking sequence similarity, that are thought to be an example of molecular convergence. MLO seems to function independently of heterotrimeric G proteins. We have identified a domain in MLO that mediates a Ca2+-dependent interaction with calmodulin in vitro. Loss of calmodulin binding halves the ability of MLO to negatively regulate defence against powdery mildew in vivo. We propose a sensor role for MLO in the modulation of defence reactions. 相似文献
139.
Judith S. Weis 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1970,26(2):155-156
Résumé Des injections d'un sérum spécifique contre le facteur de croissance nerveuse (anti-NGF) provoquent une réduction de la taille des ganglions rachidiens de la salamandreAmbystoma par suite de la réduction de la masse cellulaire du ganglion. Il y a aussi un plus grand nombre de «petites» cellules (d'un diamètre nucléaire de moins de 6,25 ) dans les ganglions des animaux utilisés.
I should like to express my thanks to Dr.Isaac Schenkein for supplying the antiserum preparation, and to Mr.Edward Kalmar for technical assistance. This research was supported by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council. 相似文献
I should like to express my thanks to Dr.Isaac Schenkein for supplying the antiserum preparation, and to Mr.Edward Kalmar for technical assistance. This research was supported by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council. 相似文献
140.
Résumé Le contenu protéique des cellules glandulaires circulaires des larves de 2 races deDrosophila melanogaster est examiné en détail. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la production et l'activité hormonale de ces 2 races diffère. 相似文献