无机化学实验教学中的“绿色化”探索

针对无机化学授课对象多而广，所需试剂种类及用量庞大，产生的废气、废液、废渣等对环境具有危害的特点，通过整合优化实验内容，规范实验操作，采用微型实验、多媒体及网上虚拟实验室，合理收集及处理三废等方面的改革创新．将绿色化学的理念深入到无机化学实验的各个环节中，以初步实现无机化学实验教学的“绿色化”，培养学生的绿色意识．     

基于目标导向的多属性决策属性价值公度方法

MACBETH方法在多个属性维度上确定出的一组属性Good值(或Neutral值)并不能真地具有保证属性价值公度的完全相同的偏好涵义.为克服该方法缺陷,基于包容性属性价值函数,通过引入数据包络分析技术和马尔可夫理论给出了以目标参照方案为导向的目标导向属性价值函数和多属性决策属性价值公度的方法程序.相比于具有较大随意性确定属性Good值和Neutral值的MACBETH方法,依赖目标导向属性价值函数的多属性决策属性价值公度程序具有更明显的科学合理性,因此具有发展MACBETH方法,推动实际决策应用该方法及相关多属性偏好关联决策模型的创新价值.基于决策实验的应用分析直接验证了多属性决策属性价值公度方法程序的科学有效性,间接验证了包容性属性价值函数和目标导向属性价值函数的科学理性.     

建国初期党对私营文化事业的改造与管理——从陋俗文化改造的视角

建国初期,私营文化事业在一定时期内满足了人民群众对精神文化的需求,但同时也成为陋俗文化得以蔓延的土壤。党和政府对私营文化事业的政策经历了由扶植到改造的变迁。在这一政策的指导下,我国顺利完成了对私营文化的社会主义改造,为党和政府开展对陋俗文化的改造提供了良好的社会条件。对这段历史进行梳理,对于当前正确处理发展国有文化事业与民营文化事业的关系具有重要的启示。     

过度自信委托代理人间的薪酬合同研究

委托-代理模型中，委托人委托代理人销售产品并付给代理人一定的报酬. 委托人和代理人对随机需求的均值或方差的估计存在误差，由此产生绝对过度自信和相对过度自信. 委托人可提供的薪酬合同有两种：线性合同和阈值合同. 在委托人和代理人持有的不同自信度组合中，分别给出了线性合同和阈值合同下的最优参数. 研究得出：对委托人而言，当且仅当其关于不确定性需求方差的信念较代理人悲观，并且对市场需求位于零点附近的可能性的估计较代理人小时，阈值合同优于线性合同；否则，在线性合同和阈值合同下，委托人的均衡期望收益相等.     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

Melatonin transport into mitochondria

Melatonin is a well-known, nighttime-produced indole found in bacteria, eukaryotic unicellulars, animals or vascular plants. In vertebrates, melatonin is the major product of the pineal gland, which accounts for its increase in serum during the dark phase, but it is also produced by many other organs and cell types. Such a wide distribution is consistent with its multiple and well-described functions which include from the circadian regulation and adaptation to seasonal variations to immunomodulatory and oncostatic actions in different types of tumors. The discovery of its antioxidant properties in the early 1990s opened a new field of potential protective functions in multiple tissues. A special mention should be made regarding the nervous system, where the indole is considered a major neuroprotector. Furthermore, mitochondria appear as one of the most important targets for the indole’s protective actions. Melatonin’s mechanisms of action vary from the direct molecular interaction with free radicals (free radical scavenger) to the binding to membrane (MLT1A and MLT1B) or nuclear receptors (RZR/RORα). Receptor binding has been associated with some, but not all of the indole functions reported to date. Recently, two new mechanisms of cellular uptake involving the facilitative glucose transporters GLUT/SLC2A and the proton-driven oligopeptide transporter PEPT1/2 have been reported. Here we discuss the potential importance that these newly discovered transport systems could have in determining the actions of melatonin, particularly in the mitochondria. We also argue the relative importance of passive diffusion vs active transport in different parts of the cell.     

Social Media as a Mean for Improved Technical Communication

Technical communication (TC) is an important activity in order to provide the users of technical artifacts with necessary information concerning the operation and maintenance of the products they are using. In the current working procedures of TC, however, the users become too passive. They are just receivers of information. Further, there is no effective feedback from the users to the producers of the information. In order to overcome those problems we here propose an application of social media (SM) in future TC. By using SM as a complementary channel for TC it becomes possible for technology firms to boost their competitive advantage and to improve the quality and completeness of their TC. This technique, however, is still more of a potential and less of a reality. Several problems, mostly concerning security and confidentiality remain to be solved. The empirical base for this work comes from TIC, an EU-funded development project involving several Swedish technology companies. Published research results are somewhat scattered but several sources coherently indicate both the need and potential for SM as a vehicle in TC. By scanning the net it is further possible to identify a number of seemingly successful applications of SM in such applications.     

Babylonian solar theory on the Antikythera mechanism

This article analyzes the angular spacing of the degree marks on the zodiac scale of the Antikythera mechanism and demonstrates that over the entire preserved 88° of the zodiac, the marks are systematically placed too close together to be consistent with a uniform distribution over 360°. Thus, in some other part of the zodiac scale (not preserved), the degree marks have been spaced farther apart. By contrast, the day marks on the Egyptian calendar scale are spaced uniformly, apart from minor errors. A solar equation of center is apparent which rises by nearly 2.7° over the preserved portion of the zodiac. The placement of the degree marks indicates that, in the preserved portion of the zodiac, the Sun was considered to run at a uniform pace of about 30° per synodic month, which is consistent with the Sun’s speed in the fast zone of the Babylonian solar theory of System A.