码书分类重排矢量量化方法及其应用

矢量量化可有效降低语音编码速率,但目前已有的多级分裂矢量量化、转换分类分裂矢量量化方法等都存在存储需求、计算复杂度以及解码语音质量等不能达到良好折衷的缺陷。该文提出了一种码书分类重排矢量量化方法。该方法通过将设计好的码书进行分类重排以降低码书搜索范围。并将该方法与多级分裂矢量量化结合,提出了码书分类重排多级分裂矢量量化方法。在量化比特及码书大小不变的前提下,实验结果表明:该方法可达到透明量化效果,量化时的计算复杂度最大降幅可达到多级分裂矢量量化方法的90.24%。     

Fabrication of anode-supported zirconia thin film electrolyte based core–shell particle structure for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

With a view to produce intermediate temperature SOFCs,yttria and scandia doped zirconia with a core-shell structure was prepared,then an anode supported fuel cell was fabricated by a spray method.The influences of the scandia content in the electrolyte and atmosphere conditions used in the testing experiments on phase composition,microstructure and fuel cell performance were investigated.The electrolyte was composed of cubic and tetragonal phases and SEM pictures revealed very fine grain sizes and a smooth surface of the electrolyte film,though some defects were observed in samples with high Scandia content.Coating scandia on partially stabilized zirconium particles improves both ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and power density of the fuel cell distinctly below 750 1C.Anodes were pre-sintered at 1200 1C before co-sintering with the electrolyte film to ensure that the shrinkage percentage was close to that of the electrolyte during co-sintering,avoiding warping of cell.     

爆轰波三波点擦除烟迹表面积碳机制

为理解三波点在壁面及端面积碳留下记录的确切机制,推动对螺旋爆轰内部结构的研究,采用端面烟熏玻璃与内壁烟膜结合的实验方法记录胞格结构,并得到不稳定、较稳定及稳定预混气的侧壁及端面爆轰记录.2H2+O2+3Ar给出了清晰精细的端面结果,其单头螺旋结果表明相对于结果近似的侧壁结果,内部螺旋结构并非固定.进而从附着碳粒的粒度尺寸分析出碳迹附着原理并结合五种预混气的反应特性,确定键能足以克服碳迹吸附在表面的力时才能擦除烟迹.另外预混气中的碳分子也会导致烟迹堆积而影响端面结果,反射激波的强度也影响记录的清晰度.最终确定烟迹擦除机制受预混气影响,应针对预混气选用表面粗糙度载体和积碳颗粒尺寸,并给出了记录爆轰结构的方法.     

Structure of the insulin receptor ectodomain reveals a folded-over conformation

The insulin receptor is a phylogenetically ancient tyrosine kinase receptor found in organisms as primitive as cnidarians and insects. In higher organisms it is essential for glucose homeostasis, whereas the closely related insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is involved in normal growth and development. The insulin receptor is expressed in two isoforms, IR-A and IR-B; the former also functions as a high-affinity receptor for IGF-II and is implicated, along with IGF-1R, in malignant transformation. Here we present the crystal structure at 3.8 A resolution of the IR-A ectodomain dimer, complexed with four Fabs from the monoclonal antibodies 83-7 and 83-14 (ref. 4), grown in the presence of a fragment of an insulin mimetic peptide. The structure reveals the domain arrangement in the disulphide-linked ectodomain dimer, showing that the insulin receptor adopts a folded-over conformation that places the ligand-binding regions in juxtaposition. This arrangement is very different from previous models. It shows that the two L1 domains are on opposite sides of the dimer, too far apart to allow insulin to bind both L1 domains simultaneously as previously proposed. Instead, the structure implicates the carboxy-terminal surface of the first fibronectin type III domain as the second binding site involved in high-affinity binding.     

The magnetic nature of disk accretion onto black holes

Although disk accretion onto compact objects-white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes-is central to much of high-energy astrophysics, the mechanisms that enable this process have remained observationally difficult to determine. Accretion disks must transfer angular momentum in order for matter to travel radially inward onto the compact object. Internal viscosity from magnetic processes and disk winds can both in principle transfer angular momentum, but hitherto we lacked evidence that either occurs. Here we report that an X-ray-absorbing wind discovered in an observation of the stellar-mass black hole binary GRO J1655 - 40 (ref. 6) must be powered by a magnetic process that can also drive accretion through the disk. Detailed spectral analysis and modelling of the wind shows that it can only be powered by pressure generated by magnetic viscosity internal to the disk or magnetocentrifugal forces. This result demonstrates that disk accretion onto black holes is a fundamentally magnetic process.