Landau theory of martensitic transformation in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys

Considering the features of martensitic transformation in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys, the Landau theory is established by introducing the density of stacking faults as a new order parameter ηand the corresponding free energy function. By using such an order parameter, the stacking fault mechanism of the nucleation and growth for the γ(fcc)→ε(hcp) martensitic transformation can be reasonably explained, and a further detailed mechanism is proposed. The stacking faults are generated and overlapped in an irregular form at the beginning and then becoming regular to create some transition structures till a stable phase forms at a certain temperature. The importance of the interface soliton is to complete the transformations into various structures of martensite but not the twinned one. The thermodynamics of fcc→hcp transformation and those between different transition structures are described by the free energy function established in the present note.     

Regularities of formation and lattice distortion of perovskite-type compounds

Based on 489 known perovskite-type complex oxides and a number of other type complex oxides, the pattern recognition-atomic parameter method is adopted to find regularities of the formation and the lattice distortion of the perovskite structure. It has been found that the restriction on Goldschmidt's t factor constitutes only a necessary but not a sufficient condition to form perovskite-type compounds. A more effective mathematical model, which can precisely sum up the regularities of the formation, the lattice distortion,and the cell constants of known perovskite-type compounds and reliably make corresponding predictions on unknown compounds, can be set up by integrating multiple atomic parameters such as ionic radii, ionic valency, and Basanov's electronegativity of constituent elements. Based on it, an intelligent database has been implemented. Its prediction accuracy is tested by eight newly discovered perovskite-type compounds such as Eu(Mn0.5 Ni0.5)O3, etc. (they are not included in the database during the test). The prediction resuits are in agreement with experimental facts.     

Vegetation reconstruction of Bronze Age by using microscopic structure of charcoals

The microscopic structure of charcoals was determined in two sites of Bronze Age, Chifeng area by using the scanning electronic microscope. The results showed that these charcoals are all timbers of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica). It has powerful climatic indicative significance. Based on the assemblage of pollen composition, their eco-climatic index and character of community, the vegetation reconstruction of Bronze Age was obtained. The reconstruction showed that the zonal vegetation was Mongolian oak forest and Chinese pine forest in the loess hills in the Chifeng area, which suggested that the climatic condition was warmer and wetter at that time than present time.     

Performance and observation summary of Changchun Satellite Laser Ranging Station

This note introduces the performance and observation summary of the SLR system at Changcun Observatory, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The performance of the SLR system has been greatly improved since August 1997. The single shot precision is improved from 5–7 cm to 1–2 cm and the normal point precision reaches 4–7 mm. The long-term stability is better than 1 cm. The amount of observation has been increased from 1000 to over 3000 passes. The whole performance of Changcun SLR system has reached the advanced level among the worldwide SLR stations.     

General approach for discrete simulation of complex systems

By applying a general algorithm to differentparticle models, i.e. molecular dynamic (MD) and macro-scale pseudo-particle models (MaPPM), two physical phe-nomena of distinct nature and scale differences, i.e. the mu-tual diffusion of two gases and the instability on the interfacebetween two fluids, are simulated successfully. It demon-strates the possibility that the general algorithms of goodparallelism and software of modular architecture can beestablished for complex physical systems based on the parti-cle methods (PMs), which will thereby develop into a main-stream approach as finite element (FE) and finite difference(FD) approaches.     

Interaction of fluid dynamic factors in the migration and accumulation of natural gas

The migration of fluid petroleum gas, described as fluid potential, depends only on gravity, fluid pressure controlled by depression and capillary force during tectonically stable period; but on tectonic stress during the tectonically active period with severe compression. This method is applied in the Junggar Basin, showing that the migration of Jurassic gas during Cretaceous and Eocene and the migration of Permian gas from Jurassic till the present are determined by capillary force and fluid pressure (including overpressure) which is controlled by depression; the migration of Jurassic gas from Eocene till the present and the migration of Permian gas during Triassic are controlled by tectonic stress.     

Behavior of argon gas release from manganese oxide minerals as revealed by <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar/<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar laser incremental heating analysis

Manganese oxides in association with paleo- weathering may provide significant insights into the multiple factors affecting the formation and evolution of weathering profiles, such as temperature, precipitation, and biodiversity. Laser probe step-heating analysis of supergene hollandite and cryptomelane samples collected from central Queensland, Australia, yield well-defined plateaus andconsistent isochron ages, confirming the feasibility dating very-fined supergene manganese oxides by 40Ar/39Ar technique. Two distinct structural sites hostingAr isotopes can be identified in light of their degassing behaviors obtained byincremental heating analyses. The first site, releasing its gas fraction at thelaser power 0.2-0.4 W, yields primarily 40Aratm, 38Aratm, and 36Aratm (atmospheric Ar isotopes). The second sites yield predominantly 40Ar* (radiogenic 40Ar),39ArK, and 38ArK (nucleogenic components), at ～0.5-1.0 W. There is no significant Ar gas released at the laser power higher than 1.0 W, indicating the breakdown of the tunnel sites hosting the radiogenic and nucleogenic components. The excellent match between the degassing behaviors of 40Ar*, 39ArK, and 38ArK suggests that these isotopes occupy the same crystallographic sites and that 39ArK lossfrom the tunnel site by recoil during neutron irradiation and/or bake-out procedure preceding isotopic analysis does not occur. Present investigation supports that neither the overwhelming atmospheric 40Ar nor the very-fined nature of the supergene manganese oxides poses problems in extracting meaningful weathering geochronological information by analyzing supergene manganese oxides minerals.     

Spectroscopic investigation on the telomeric DNA base sequence repeat

Telomeres are protein-DNA complexes at the terminals of linear chromosomes, which protect chromosomal integrity and maintain cellular replicative capacity. From single-cell organisms to advanced animals and plants, structures and functions of telomeres are both very conservative. In cells of human and vertebral animals, telomeric DNA base sequences all are (TTAGGG)n. In the present work, we have obtained absorption and fluorescence spectra measured from seven synthesized oligonucleotides to simulate the telomeric DNA system and calculated their relative fluorescence quantum yields on which not only telomeric DNA characteristics are predicted but also possibly the shortened telomeric sequences during cell division are implied. Oligonucleotide 5′-TTAGGGTTAGGG holds a low relative fluorescence quantum yield and remarkable excitation energy innerconversion, which tallies with the telomeric sequence of (TTAGGG)n. This result shows that telomeric DNA has a strong non-radiative or innerconvertible capability.     

Sm-Nd isotope dating of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit,Central Hunan

The research on Samarium-Neodymium isotope systematics of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit, Central Hunan, places precise timing constraints on the Sb mineralization in this area. It is revealed that the Xikuangshan deposit formed during the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous Period, the early- and latestage mineralization took place at (155.5± 1.1) Ma and (124.1±3.7) Ma, respectively. The accurate age determination of mineralization is very crucial for revealing the super-enrichment mechanism of the element Sb at the Xikuangshan mine, and lays some foundations for the further understandings of its ore genesis and mineralization mechanism.     

高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究现状与展望

高应变速率超塑性是一个涉及先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料的高科技前沿研究领域 美国SuperformAluminium公司采用超塑成形技术使轿车重量减轻了一半 ,大大降低了油耗与排放 ,因此高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究对于今后有效地利用地球资源和减少地球环境污染具有重要的现实意义 应变速率太低和成本太高是今后超塑性先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料大规模实用化进程中必须解决的关键问题 本文综述了国内外超塑性铝基复合材料和铝合金的制备、性能及变形机理的研究现状 ,指出了加快铸造法低成本制备高应变速率超塑性铝合金研究的迫切性 ,并展望了该材料在 2 1世纪的应用前景