全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16861篇 |
免费 | 645篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 1130篇 |
丛书文集 | 28篇 |
教育与普及 | 40篇 |
理论与方法论 | 347篇 |
现状及发展 | 5151篇 |
研究方法 | 522篇 |
综合类 | 10047篇 |
自然研究 | 269篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 750篇 |
2017年 | 746篇 |
2016年 | 451篇 |
2012年 | 433篇 |
2011年 | 1420篇 |
2010年 | 888篇 |
2009年 | 521篇 |
2008年 | 685篇 |
2007年 | 964篇 |
2006年 | 232篇 |
2005年 | 269篇 |
2004年 | 393篇 |
2003年 | 371篇 |
2002年 | 276篇 |
2001年 | 308篇 |
2000年 | 336篇 |
1999年 | 225篇 |
1992年 | 208篇 |
1991年 | 162篇 |
1990年 | 170篇 |
1989年 | 180篇 |
1988年 | 178篇 |
1987年 | 193篇 |
1986年 | 174篇 |
1985年 | 251篇 |
1984年 | 179篇 |
1983年 | 140篇 |
1982年 | 113篇 |
1981年 | 117篇 |
1980年 | 137篇 |
1979年 | 331篇 |
1978年 | 256篇 |
1977年 | 241篇 |
1976年 | 224篇 |
1975年 | 238篇 |
1974年 | 306篇 |
1973年 | 278篇 |
1972年 | 236篇 |
1971年 | 337篇 |
1970年 | 474篇 |
1969年 | 327篇 |
1968年 | 312篇 |
1967年 | 320篇 |
1966年 | 349篇 |
1965年 | 223篇 |
1959年 | 108篇 |
1958年 | 209篇 |
1957年 | 118篇 |
1956年 | 130篇 |
1948年 | 127篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
LIU JianCai XU JiaKai NING XinBao TIAN Run 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(17):2438-2442
The characterization of non-stationary signal requires joint time and frequency information. However, time and frequency are a pair of non-commuting variables that cannot constitute a joint probability density in the time-frequency plane. The time-frequency distributions have difficult interpretation problems arising from negative and complex values or spurious components. In this paper, we get time-frequency information from the marginal distributions in rotated directions in the time-frequency plane. The rigorous probability interpretation of the marginal distributions is without any ambiguities. This time-frequency transformation is similar to the computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT) and is applied to signal analysis and signal detection and reveals a lot of advantages especially in the signal detection of the low signal/noise (S/N). 相似文献
72.
Alexandra Sauer 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2008,21(6):497-515
The participation of non-state actors in implementation processes is often understood as a means to increase compliance efficiency.
But the implementation of spatial policies frequently focuses on pre-established goals, processes and instruments and thus
renders difficult open discourse and shared decision-making. This paper introduces conflict pattern analysis (CPA) as a tool
that supports the analysis of the actual actor constellation in order to define efficient approaches that avoid common problems
of participatory processes. CPA is a semi-formalised method that helps to identify key-actors, their relations and interaction
amongst each other as well as their core beliefs, interests and resources. It aggregates this information to interaction patterns
that can be compared, classified and linked to different participatory methods on a theoretically informed basis. Particularly
on the local and regional level, this could be the first step for successful (participatory) implementation strategies. 相似文献
73.
74.
S. K. MISHRA Shouyang WANG K. K. LAI 《系统科学与复杂性》2007,20(3):344-349
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized convex function, namely, a-pseudounivex function, by combining the concepts of pseudo-univex and α-invex functions. Further, we establish some relationships between vector variational-like inequality problems and vector optimization problems under the assumptions of α-pseudo-univex functions. Results obtained in this paper present a refinement and improvement of previously known results. 相似文献
75.
76.
Enzymatic control of cell division in micro-organisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NICKERSON WJ 《Nature》1948,162(4111):241-245
77.
78.
79.
A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. 相似文献
80.
J A Martignetti A A Aqeel W A Sewairi C E Boumah M Kambouris S A Mayouf K V Sheth W A Eid O Dowling J Harris M J Glucksman S Bahabri B F Meyer R J Desnick 《Nature genetics》2001,28(3):261-265
The inherited osteolyses or 'vanishing bone' syndromes are a group of rare disorders of unknown etiology characterized by destruction and resorption of affected bones. The multicentric osteolyses are notable for interphalangeal joint erosions that mimic severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (OMIMs 166300, 259600, 259610 and 277950). We recently described an autosomal recessive form of multicentric osteolysis with carpal and tarsal resorption, crippling arthritic changes, marked osteoporosis, palmar and plantar subcutaneous nodules and distinctive facies in a number of consanguineous Saudi Arabian families. We localized the disease gene to 16q12-21 by using members of these families for a genome-wide search for homozygous-by-descent microsatellite markers. Haplotype analysis narrowed the critical region to a 1.2-cM region that spans the gene encoding MMP-2 (gelatinase A, collagenase type IV; (ref. 3). We detected no MMP2 enzymatic activity in the serum or fibroblasts of affected family members. We identified two family-specific homoallelic MMP2 mutations: R101H and Y244X. The nonsense mutation effects a deletion of the substrate-binding and catalytic sites and the fibronectin type II-like and hemopexin/TIMP2 binding domains. Based on molecular modeling, the missense mutation disrupts hydrogen bond formation within the highly conserved prodomain adjacent to the catalytic zinc ion. 相似文献