全文获取类型
收费全文 | 42523篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 119篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 402篇 |
丛书文集 | 1022篇 |
教育与普及 | 112篇 |
理论与方法论 | 241篇 |
现状及发展 | 18924篇 |
研究方法 | 1656篇 |
综合类 | 19871篇 |
自然研究 | 501篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 225篇 |
2012年 | 563篇 |
2011年 | 1141篇 |
2010年 | 256篇 |
2008年 | 734篇 |
2007年 | 790篇 |
2006年 | 782篇 |
2005年 | 805篇 |
2004年 | 722篇 |
2003年 | 813篇 |
2002年 | 751篇 |
2001年 | 1290篇 |
2000年 | 1226篇 |
1999年 | 777篇 |
1992年 | 739篇 |
1991年 | 609篇 |
1990年 | 647篇 |
1989年 | 647篇 |
1988年 | 645篇 |
1987年 | 642篇 |
1986年 | 652篇 |
1985年 | 794篇 |
1984年 | 622篇 |
1983年 | 542篇 |
1982年 | 471篇 |
1981年 | 496篇 |
1980年 | 598篇 |
1979年 | 1307篇 |
1978年 | 1120篇 |
1977年 | 1116篇 |
1976年 | 827篇 |
1975年 | 872篇 |
1974年 | 1307篇 |
1973年 | 1059篇 |
1972年 | 1074篇 |
1971年 | 1335篇 |
1970年 | 1775篇 |
1969年 | 1393篇 |
1968年 | 1272篇 |
1967年 | 1336篇 |
1966年 | 1127篇 |
1965年 | 830篇 |
1964年 | 220篇 |
1959年 | 503篇 |
1958年 | 731篇 |
1957年 | 577篇 |
1956年 | 486篇 |
1955年 | 442篇 |
1954年 | 483篇 |
1948年 | 265篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
131.
Summary Visual determination of MSH-induced pigment migration in melanophores of small pieces ofAnolis carolinensis skin is standardized by first measuring photoelectrometrically the change in reflection/transmission of the whole dorsal skin in response to different hormone concentrations. This method allows the rapid and precise recording of time-response curves after photoaffinity labeling of MSH receptors or of dose-response curves of large series of synthetic compounds.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Ms V. Jäggin, Ms C. Schulthess and Ms G. van Hees for excellent technical assistance, Dr. R. Andreatta, Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, for his generous gift of -MSH and Prof. A Pletscher for his continuous interest. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. 相似文献
132.
Responses of developing tissues to experimental disruption demonstrate that cell interaction is important both in generating positional information and in controlling growth. However, the mechanism by which cells interact and the range over which the interactions are effective are not known. In the imaginal disks of Drosophila melanogaster, experiments on pattern regulation following surgical ablation suggest that the cell interactions are very local in nature; in fact, most of the data can be explained by assuming that cells interact only with their immediate neighbours. In contrast, studies of cell division patterns in the same tissue indicate that the "local' proliferative response to an ablation extends over a distance of up to about eight cell diameters. Still longer-range interactions have been proposed on the basis of theoretical considerations. It is possible that the interactions are mediated by the transfer of small molecules through gap junctions, as gap junctions are abundant in imaginal disks at the appropriate developmental stages. We have explored the range, timing and directionality of dye coupling between the cells of the wing disk as a test of the possible role of gap junctions in imaginal disk patterning. Our results indicate that interactions over different ranges are possible depending on the nature of the molecule being transferred. 相似文献
133.
Jupiter's ring system has previously been described as being composed of a 'bright' narrow ring and an interior, vertically-extended halo. The one image which reveals this morphology most clearly is Voyager 2's parting shot of the Jupiter system, a wide-angle (WA) view of the ring ansa in forward-scattered light (FDS 20693.02). The bright ring is plainly visible, and the halo appears after slight contrast enhancement. By further enhancement of this image we have discovered an additional ring, which is far fainter than either of the (already faint) components previously identified, extending to a radius of 210,000 km. 相似文献
134.
S. S. Tobe R. P. Ruegg B. A. Stay F. C. Baker C. A. Miller D. A. Schooley 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1985,41(8):1028-1034
Summary Titres of juvenile hormone (JH) have been determined in both hemolymph and whole body extracts of femaleDiploptera punctata during the first gonotrophic cycle using a method employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis. JH III is the sole JH found in both adult and last instarD. punctata. Maximum values of 1500 ng/ml (6M) were observed at the middle of the gonotrophic cycle, when basal oocyte growth rate was greatest. Changes in rates of JH release in vitro by corpora allata paralleled closely the changes in JH titre, suggesting that biosynthesis is a major regulator of titre. JH levels per animal were calculated from observed JH titres, and at certain time points in the gonotrophic cycle JH levels obtained from analysis of whole bodies were significantly greater than those predicted from hemolymph titres. These results suggest the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool inD. punctata. Decay in JH titre after allatectomy of 5 day females has also been studied. Following a rapid initial decline, the rate of decay slowed appreciably 4 h post-operation. Thus, use of a first-order rate constant to estimate half-life of JH significantly underestimated the longevity of the hormone. The apparent persistence of JH following allatectomy may be due to the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool. 相似文献
135.
Summary Bacterial mutagenicity assay to detect potential chronic toxicity of a potent, new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator (CGA-112913 or IKI-7899, formerly UC-62644) was conducted using 5 histidine auxotrophs ofSalmonella typhimurium. Tests within the concentration range of 0.9–500 g (saturating)/plate of the compound with and without the 5–9 mammalian metabolic activation system showed no mutagenic effects clearing the way for long-term chronic toxicology studies.The authors thank Professor Bruce N. Ames for supplying the tester strains together with all the relevant information for conducting the bioassays and Ms. Norma Charlebois for her meticulous technical assistance. 相似文献
136.
J. A. Doebler E. W. Wickersham L. V. Polakovic T. -M. Shih A. Anthony 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1985,41(9):1145-1147
Summary The organophosphate neurotoxin soman produced impairments in adrenocortical RNA and protein metabolism. Fasciculate and reticular cell RNA and protein contents were supporessed with sublethal to acutely lethal dosages (20, 30 and 40 g/kg, s.c.) during the acute excitatory phase of intoxication and at 6–8 h post injection. All three dosages produced ca 90% inactivation of plasma cholinesterase. A transient elevation of plasma corticosterone occurred with 20 g/kg soman whereas there was a protracted increase with 30 g/kg. Corticosterone was not significantly elevated with 40 g/kg, but death occurred at 13±4 min. Thus, the magnitude and/or nature of soman-induced metabolic impairments does not appear to prevent adrenal activation.Supported by US Army Medical Research and Development Command Contract DAMD 17-81-C-1202. 相似文献
137.
S. J. Arnold 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1985,41(10):1296-1310
Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model. 相似文献
138.
R. K. A. Giger H. R. Loosli M. D. Walkinshaw B. J. Clark J. M. Vigouret 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1987,43(10):1125-1130
Summary We report the synthesis, stereochemistry and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of DCN 203-922, a novel ergot alkaloid of the cyclol type, which contains in its peptide moiety the uncommon amino acid L-allo-isoleucine.Part of this paper was reported by this author at the Herbstversammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Bern, in October 1986. 相似文献
139.
The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land in Antarctica contain several closed basins in which perennially ice-covered lakes are found. One of the most unusual features of these lakes is the occurrence of high O2 concentrations in the water column; values ranging from slightly more than saturation to more than four times saturation have been reported. Recently, we considered a bulk O2 budget for Lake Hoare, Antarctica, which led us to suggest that biological processes alone were not sufficient to explain the observed elevated oxygen levels. Consequently, there must be a non-biological source of O2. We suggested that this source results from the exclusion of O2 during the freezing of aerated meltstream water at the bottom of the ice cover, and predicted that this physical mechanism should also enhance the other atmospheric gases. Here we report the results of a study which, for the first time, documents the supersaturation of N2 in a lake. Dissolved N2 levels of 145% and 163% were determined from samples taken just below the ice cover and at a depth of 12 m, respectively. The relatively importance of biological and abiological sources is reflected in the ratio of N2 concentration to O2 concentration. In Lake Hoare this ratio was 1.20 at ice/water interface and 1.05 at 12 m; considerably different from the ratio in equilibrium with air (approximately 1.8). Based on these results, we have determined that about half of the net O2 production in the lake is the result of biological processes. 相似文献
140.
J. R. Martinez N. Cassity S. Barker 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1987,43(9):1013-1015
Summary The -adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and prostaglandins E1 and E2 (but not F2) increased the cAMP content of rat submandibular acini in vitro, but only isoproterenol enhanced ouabain-sensitive86Rb (K) uptake. These findings suggest that cAMP is not involved in the activation of the Na, K pump in salivary cells. 相似文献