Synthesis of Chiral Sulfoxides and Application in Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilane

1 Results The enantioselective addition of allylic organometallic reagents to aldehydes is a fundamental tool in organic synthesis.The high degree of both diastereo-and enantioselectivity gives the possibility to obtain a wide series of homoallylic alcohols,versatile intermediates in a great number of synthesis[1]. One of the most successful approaches is related to the discovery that organocatalytic activation of the nucleophilic allyltrichlorosilanes by means of neutral Lewis bases,such as formamides,...     

Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells, the totipotent outgrowths of blastocysts, can be cultured and manipulated in vitro and then returned to the embryonic environment where they develop normally and can contribute to all cell lineages. Maintenance of the stem-cell phenotype in vitro requires the presence of a feeder layer of fibroblasts or of a soluble factor, differentiation inhibitory activity (DIA) produced by a number of sources; in the absence of DIA the ES cells differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. We recently noted several similarities between partially purified DIA and a haemopoietic regulator, myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a molecule which induces differentiation in M1 myeloid leukaemic cells and which we have recently purified, cloned and characterized. We demonstrate here that purified, recombinant LIF can substitute for DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.     

优化设计中的拟网格原理（I）

在研究目标函数和约束条件的性质与允许误差的条件下,研究了断定全局优化方案就存在于变量网格结点中的若干个结点之间的问题.提出了拟三维空间和超球体概念;导出了确定可计算的网格结点公式,证明了持定点的覆盖定理。     

Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells.

Stem cell biology has come of age. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. Perhaps the most important and useful property of stem cells is that of self-renewal. Through this property, striking parallels can be found between stem cells and cancer cells: tumours may often originate from the transformation of normal stem cells, similar signalling pathways may regulate self-renewal in stem cells and cancer cells, and cancer cells may include 'cancer stem cells' - rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drive tumorigenesis.     

磁流变液阻尼器用于转子振动控制的实验研究

实验研究了一种剪切式磁流变流阻尼器在转子振控制中的应用,实验发现,磁流变液阻尼器的刚度和阻尼随施工磁场强度的增加而增大;支承在磁流变液阻尼器上的转子系统的振幅在亚临界区及临界转速处随施加的磁场强度的增加而减小,而在超临界区则随磁场强度的增加而增大;系统的临界转速随磁场强度的增加而升高,通过简单的开关控制,可使转子的振动在全转速区的内达到最小。     

ALE有限元法解二维自由面流体大晃动问题

从Navier-Stokes方程和连续性方程出发，在ALE描述下，用四边形单元对所求区域加以划分；并借助于Galerkin加权余量法导出相应的有限元方程组，在有限元计算中速度和压力均采用四节点线性插值函数；通过二维自由面流体大晃动问题实例的计算，给出相应的计算结果，阐明了该方法的优越性和局限性。     

甲（乙）基在甲（乙）苯亲电取代反应中的定位作用和定位能力讨论

在有机化学的亲电取代反应定位法则教学中,甲基代表烷基,作为芳烃亲电取代反应定位效应的典型例子,但甲基不同于乙基等烷基,具有不同的定位能力,烷基是如何影响芳环的结构从而影响取代基定位,教材和教学中描述较简单,不便于学生领会和比较。该文就此问题进行探讨,结果表明,烷基苯RAr（R—Me、Et）的R在空间的位置影响烷基苯的能量和原子电荷密度,从而影响烷苯的亲电取代反应。（1）烷苯的R—Ar键旋转形成不同构象,其中的最大与最小体系能量值之差△E,△E（Me）〈△E（Et）,{△E（Me）=0．0000084a．u,△E（Et）=0．0068029a．u},甲苯比乙苯的R—Ar单键更容易自由旋转。在EtAr,C8-C7-C1平面与苯环垂直时,体系能量[E（90）=-308．661166a．u．]最低,为较稳定的优势构象。（2）甲基和乙基均向苯环供电子,虽甲（乙）苯环的碳原子所带电荷之和都不及苯,但甲苯比乙苯的环碳上电子密度大,∑Q（Me,30）=-1．02794〈∑Q（Et,90）=-1．010487。（3）甲（乙）苯化合物中,均为邻、对位碳原子电子密度大于苯环碳{甲基：邻位qc2（30）=qc6（30）=-0．212118,对位-0．20724～-0．20728;乙基：邻位qc2（90）=qc6（90）=-0．209509,对位q（90）（-0．20695）},间位碳原子的电子密度小于苯环碳[甲基间位-0．19153～-0．19228;乙基间位q（90）=-0．192171],甲、乙苯的邻、对位有利于亲电取代反应,且甲基大于乙基的定位能力。（4）亲电试剂Me^＋与苯环反应形成邻、对位的碳正离子中间体比闯位碳正离子中间体稳定,有利于生成邻、对位取代产物,因此,甲、乙基均为邻、对位定位基。     

界面处理和冷却条件对玻璃纤维与聚丙烯界面结合的影响 I.不同界面处理对界面剪切强度的影响

通过测定,得出马来酸酐改性聚丙烯（ＭＰＰ）是提高玻璃纤维与聚丙烯树脂界面剪切强度的关键因素,而偶联剂的变化对体系界面剪切强度的影响较少,用仪器分析证实了酸酐基团与玻璃纤维表面发生化学反应的实质,以及当界面存在改性聚丙烯时,应选择Ａ－１７４ＴＭ硅烷偶联剂处理增强聚丙烯的玻璃纤维,而不是传统的Ａ－１１００ＴＭ硅烷偶联剂。     

水泥土环境中粉煤灰水化与活性激发研究

水泥—粉煤灰与土充分拌合条件下,经过初级和次级2个过程形成水泥土固结体。粉煤灰的活性效应较之形态效应和微集料效应对水泥土强度的贡献是显著和持久的。活性激发剂———粉状硅酸钠溶出的OH-对粉煤灰网络聚合度比较高的“硬壳层”有腐蚀作用,同时硅酸钠水解产生的SiO32-在水化环境中可阻止水化硅酸钙生成过多而沉积在粉煤灰表面。通过构建粉煤灰在水泥土环境中的水化模型及SEM、力学性质等测试手段,分析了粉煤灰的水化与固结特性。