Simulation of Weld Depth in A-TIG Welding with Unified Arc-electrode model

Ｉｔｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｓｍａｌｌａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆｆｌｕｘｏｎｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆｓｔａｉｎｌｅｓｓｓｔｅｅｌｃａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｄｅｐｔｈｏｆｗｅｌｄｐｅｎｅ ｔｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎＴＩＧｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｂｙａｆａｃｔｏｒｏｆｔｈｒｅｅ[1] .Ｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｔｏａｓ”ＡＴＩＧ”ｏｒＴＩＧｗｅｌｄｉｎｇａｃｔｉ ｖａｔｅｄｂｙｆｌｕｘ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｒｅｅｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｐｈｙｓ ｉｃａｌｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｔｈａｔａｒｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｃｏｎｔｒｉ…     

Mechanism for the learning deficits in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is one of the most common single-gene disorders that causes learning deficits in humans. Mice carrying a heterozygous null mutation of the Nfl gene (Nfl(+/-) show important features of the learning deficits associated with NF1 (ref. 2). Although neurofibromin has several known properties and functions, including Ras GTPase-activating protein activity, adenylyl cyclase modulation and microtubule binding, it is unclear which of these are essential for learning in mice and humans. Here we show that the learning deficits of Nf1(+/-) mice can be rescued by genetic and pharmacological manipulations that decrease Ras function. We also show that the Nf1(+/-) mice have increased GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)-mediated inhibition and specific deficits in long-term potentiation, both of which can be reversed by decreasing Ras function. Our results indicate that the learning deficits associated with NF1 may be caused by excessive Ras activity, which leads to impairments in long-term potentiation caused by increased GABA-mediated inhibition. Our findings have implications for the development of treatments for learning deficits associated with NF1.     

The failing heart.

Cardiomyopathies are disorders affecting heart muscle that usually result in inadequate pumping of the heart. They are the most common cause of heart failure and each year kill more than 10,000 people in the United States. In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of conditions, with knowledge of the genetic basis for cardiomyopathies perhaps seeing the largest advance, enabling clinicians to devise improved diagnostic strategies and preparing the stage for new therapies.     

Microbial degradation of bitumen

Summary A blown bitumen Mexphalte R 90/40 with a high content of saturated hydrocarbons was degraded by several microorganisms to the same extent. In batch cultures ofSaccharomycopsis lipolytica, maximal biodegradation was estimated to be about 9% w/w, 3.2·10^–3 g/cm² and 3.1·10^–3 cm of degraded bitumen. The Mexphalte R 90/40 degradation rate was closely coupled to biofilm formation. The microbial activity concerned predominantly the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. A direct distillation bitumen 80/100 with a low content of saturated hydrocarbons and a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and resins was more resistant to biodegradation.     

Function of DnaJ and DnaK as chaperones in origin-specific DNA binding by RepA

Heat-shock proteins are normal constituents of cells whose synthesis is increased on exposure to various forms of stress. They are interesting because of their ubiquity and high conservation during evolution. Two families of heat-shock proteins, hsp60s and hsp70s, have been implicated in accelerating protein folding and oligomerization and also in maintaining proteins in an unfolded state, thus facilitating membrane transport. The Escherichia coli hsp70 analogue, DnaK, and two other heat-shock proteins, DnaJ and GrpE, are required for cell viability at high temperatures and are involved in DNA replication of phage lambda and plasmids P1 and F. These three proteins are involved in replication in vitro of P1 DNA along with many host replication proteins and the P1 RepA initiator protein. RepA exists in a stable protein complex with DnaJ containing a dimer each of RepA and DnaJ. We report here that DnaK and DnaJ mediate an alteration in the P1 initiator protein, rendering it much more active for oriP1 DNA binding.     

Abnormal pattern detected in fragile-X patients by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

The fragile-X syndrome is the most frequent inherited form of mental retardation, with an incidence of 1 in 1,500 males. It is characterized by the presence of a fragile site at Xq27.3 induced in vitro by folate deprivation or by inhibitors of deoxynucleotide synthesis. Its mode of inheritance is unusual for an X-linked trait, with incomplete penetrance in both males and females. Some phenotypically normal males transmit the mutation to all their daughters who rarely express any symptoms, but penetrance is high in sons and daughters of these carrier women. Genetic and physical mapping of the Xq27-q28 region has confirmed that the disease locus is located at or very near the fragile site. Hypotheses proposed to account for the abnormalities in the inheritance of the disease include sequence rearrangements by meiotic recombination or a mutation that affects reactivation of an inactive X chromosome during differentiation of female germ cells. To detect such rearrangements, or methylation changes that may reflect a locally inactive X chromosome, we used pulsed-field gel analysis of DNA from fragile-X patients with probes close to the fragile-X locus. The probe Do33 (DXS465) detected abnormal patterns in fragile-X patients, but not in normal controls or in non-expressing male transmitters.     

The detection of structural deformation errors in attitude determination

In the determination of the attitude parameters from a multi-antenna GPS array, one of the major assumptions is that the body frame is rigid at all times. If this assumption is not true then the derived attitude parameters will be in error. It is well known that in airborne platforms the wings often experience some displacement during flight, especially during periods of initializing maneouvres, such as taking off, landing,and banking. Often it is at these points in time that it is most critical to have the most precise attitude parameters.There are a number of techniques available for the detection of modeling errors.The CUSUM algorithm has successfully been implemented in the past to detect small persistent changes. In this paper the authors investigate different methods of generating the residuals, to be tested by the CUSUM algorithm, in an effort to determine which technique is best suited for the detection of structural deformation of an airborne platform. The methods investigated include monitoring the mean of the residuals generated from the difference between the known body frame coordinates, and those calculated from the derived attitude parameters. The generated residuals are then passed to a CUSUM algorithm to detect any small persistent changes. An alternative method involves transforming the generated residuals into the frequency domain through the use of the Fast Fourier Transform. The CUSUM algorithm is then used to detect any frequency changes. The final technique investigated involves transforming the generated residuals using the Haar wavelet. The wavelet coefficients are then monitored by the CUSUM algorithm in order to detect any significant change to the rigidity of the body frame.Detecting structural deformation, and quantifying the degree of deformation, during flight will ensure that these effects can be removed from the system, thus ensuring the most precise and reliable attitude parameter solutions. This paper, through a series ofsimulations, will assess the effectiveness of the above mentioned techniques for detecting structural deformation effects on a GPS multi-antenna array. These principles are then tested with experimental data.     

Lactate dehydrogenase specificity and subunit assembly in neural tissues of the teleostPhallichthys amates

Summary The tissue specificity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in brain and eye of the teleostPhallichthys amates was examined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is suggested that subunit association is a function of gene product accessibility superimposed upon genetic restriction of assembly.     

从意象与结构看中国古典诗歌的疏密

疏密是艺评论中一个重要概念，对疏密的理解虽各有不同，但大多是从内容及内容的连接两个角度出发，从意象和结构两个方面看中国古典诗歌的疏密，思路要清晰得多，意象疏密指诗歌构成材料的众寡和密实程度，结构的疏密是指诗思的疏密，它包括两个方面；诗歌材料间结合的疏松与细密，诗歌材料与主旨的呼应程度。     

Indoxyl derivatives of drug metabolites

Summary Indoxyl derivatives were detected as minor products among the urinary metabolites of two trial drugs, a benzodiazepine (GP 55 129) and a benzophenone (CGP 11 952). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Presumably, metabolites containing potential aldehyde functions react spontaneously with endogenous indoxyl. Such derivatives have not hitherto been encountered in drug metabolism.