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401.
k consisting of k clusters, with k > 2. Bottom-up agglomerative approaches are also commonly used to construct partitions,
and we discuss these in terms of worst-case performance for metric data sets. Our main contribution derives from a new restricted
partition formulation that requires each cluster to be an interval of a given ordering of the objects being clustered. Dynamic programming can optimally split such an ordering into a partition Pk for a large class of objectives that includes min-diameter. We explore a variety of ordering heuristics and show that our
algorithm, when combined with an appropriate ordering heuristic, outperforms traditional algorithms on both random and non-random
data sets. 相似文献
402.
403.
J. W. M. Lagerberg J. VanSteveninck T. M. A. R. Dubbelman 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1997,53(3):257-262
The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in
the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed
membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase
of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H2O2 exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed
increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a
slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed
MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant
BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H2O2 showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission
spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H2O2-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H2O2 revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H2O2 induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively
denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer
leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care.
Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996 相似文献
404.
利用专门设计的厚度方向缺口四点弯曲试样,结合相应的弹塑性有限元计算结果,在液氮温度下测取了一种海洋平台用钢的6种微观组织分层面上的解理断裂应力σ*f.结果显示,均匀细小的铁素体+贝氏体组织具有比铁素体+带状珠光体为高的σ*f值.对于同一终轧温度,轧后冷速愈高,其得到的微观组织之σ*f值愈高.而对于同一轧后冷却制度,则终轧于Ar3与再结晶停止温度之间者其得到的微观组织具有最高的σ*f值.讨论了各微观组织组成相的作用 相似文献
405.
406.
分别用二次电子扫描线法和垂直抛面法对不同回火制度的30SiMnCrNiMoB钢的冲击断口表面的分维数进行了数量。通过研究发现:平行裂纹扩展方向的分维更适合于描述材料韧性的变化。 相似文献
407.
用AM1MO方法计算了质子化卟吩的构型,并通过结构分析、电荷布局分析和前线轨道分析,讨论了其质子化过程的构型变化及Raman光谱变化的原因。 相似文献
408.
从疲劳过程本质上是材料静强度不断退化过程的观点出发,建立了一个强度退化模型.将模型应用于两级、多级和随机载荷下疲劳寿命估算,经试验和算例验证,表明该方法是合理可行的 相似文献
409.
采用离子束增强沉积方法(IBED),在Fe基上制备了TiN薄膜。通过划痕仪,透射电镜(TEM),俄歇电子能谱(AES),粘着力测量仪的观测,分析和计算,给出了膜的形貌,组分和机械特性;发现TiN膜与衬底之间存在一过渡区,膜中含氧量比气相真空沉积(CVD)明显减小。在AES定量计算中,本文采用一种与文献不同的方法,较为简便地处理了俄歇谱中Ti和N峰的重叠现象 相似文献
410.
Two classes of metabolites fromTheonella swinhoei are localized in distinct populations of bacterial symbionts 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
C. A. Bewley N. D. Holland D. J. Faulkner 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(7):716-722
The marine spongeTheonella swinhoei (lithistid Family Theonellidae, Order Astrophorida) has yielded many important, bioactive natural products, most of which share structural features with bacterial natural products. The presence of microbial symbionts inT. swinhoei has been reported, and it was originally suggested that the cytotoxic macrolide swinholide A and many of the bioactive cyclic peptides fromT. swinhoei were all produced by symbiotic cyanobacteria. By transmission electron microscopy, we found four distinct cell populations to be consistently present inT. swinhoei: eukaryotic sponge cells, unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, unicellular cyanobacteria and filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Purification and chemical analyses of each cell type showed the macrolide swinholide A to be limited to the mixed population of unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, and an anti-fungal cyclic peptide occurred only in the filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Contrary to prior speculation, no major metabolites were located in the cyanobacteria or sponge cells. 相似文献