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41.
李爱民 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):117-119
水功能区的划分是实现水资源综合开发、合理利用、积极保护、科学管理的基础工作。根据“全国水功能区划技术细则”,结合对山西省黄河流域的自然、社会情况,尤其是水资源状况的综合分析,系统介绍了水功能区划的方法,对山西省黄河流域河流地表水进行了水功能区划并提出管理建议。 相似文献
42.
催化动力学测定痕量钴研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了近年来催化动力学光度法测定痕量钴的进展情况。对催化显色动力学光度法、催化褪色动力学光度法、催化荧光光度法、阻抑动力学光度法、催化化学发光光度法等几个类别,从反应介质、灵敏度、线性范围等方面介绍了对不同反应体系的研究情况,并对催化动力学光度法测定痕量钴的发展趋势做出预测。 相似文献
43.
Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data. 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
A Brazma P Hingamp J Quackenbush G Sherlock P Spellman C Stoeckert J Aach W Ansorge C A Ball H C Causton T Gaasterland P Glenisson F C Holstege I F Kim V Markowitz J C Matese H Parkinson A Robinson U Sarkans S Schulze-Kremer J Stewart R Taylor J Vilo M Vingron 《Nature genetics》2001,29(4):365-371
Microarray analysis has become a widely used tool for the generation of gene expression data on a genomic scale. Although many significant results have been derived from microarray studies, one limitation has been the lack of standards for presenting and exchanging such data. Here we present a proposal, the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME), that describes the minimum information required to ensure that microarray data can be easily interpreted and that results derived from its analysis can be independently verified. The ultimate goal of this work is to establish a standard for recording and reporting microarray-based gene expression data, which will in turn facilitate the establishment of databases and public repositories and enable the development of data analysis tools. With respect to MIAME, we concentrate on defining the content and structure of the necessary information rather than the technical format for capturing it. 相似文献
44.
Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein beta-secretase from human brain 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
Sinha S Anderson JP Barbour R Basi GS Caccavello R Davis D Doan M Dovey HF Frigon N Hong J Jacobson-Croak K Jewett N Keim P Knops J Lieberburg I Power M Tan H Tatsuno G Tung J Schenk D Seubert P Suomensaari SM Wang S Walker D Zhao J McConlogue L John V 《Nature》1999,402(6761):537-540
Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide, which is thought to be causal for the pathology and subsequent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage by beta-secretase at the amino terminus of the Abeta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated carboxy-terminal fragment. Cleavage of the C-terminal fragment by gamma-secretase(s) leads to the formation of Abeta. The pathogenic mutation K670M671-->N670L671 at the beta-secretase cleavage site in APP, which was discovered in a Swedish family with familial Alzheimer's disease, leads to increased beta-secretase cleavage of the mutant substrate. Here we describe a membrane-bound enzyme activity that cleaves full-length APP at the beta-secretase cleavage site, and find it to be the predominant beta-cleavage activity in human brain. We have purified this enzyme activity to homogeneity from human brain using a new substrate analogue inhibitor of the enzyme activity, and show that the purified enzyme has all the properties predicted for beta-secretase. Cloning and expression of the enzyme reveals that human brain beta-secretase is a new membrane-bound aspartic proteinase. 相似文献
45.
A novel metalloproteinase gene specifically expressed in stromal cells of breast carcinomas. 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
P Basset J P Bellocq C Wolf I Stoll P Hutin J M Limacher O L Podhajcer M P Chenard M C Rio P Chambon 《Nature》1990,348(6303):699-704
A gene has been identified that is expressed specifically in stromal cells surrounding invasive breast carcinomas. On the basis of its sequence, the product of this gene, named stromelysin-3, is a new member of the family of metalloproteinase enzymes which degrade the extracellular matrix. The suggestion is that stromelysin-3 is one of the stroma-derived factors that have long been postulated to play an important part in progression of epithelial malignancies. 相似文献
46.
Thyristors are a class of nonlinear electronic device that exhibit bistable resistance--that is, they can be switched between two different conductance states. Thyristors are widely used as inverters (direct to alternating current converters) and for the smooth control of power in a variety of applications such as motors and refrigerators. Materials and structures that exhibit nonlinear resistance of this sort are not only useful for practical applications: they also provide systems for exploring fundamental aspects of solid-state and statistical physics. Here we report the discovery of a giant nonlinear resistance effect in the conducting organic salt theta-(BEDT-TTF)2CsCo(SCN)4, the voltage-current characteristics of which are essentially the same as those of a conventional thyristor. This intrinsic organic thyristor works as an inverter, generating an alternating current when a static direct-current voltage is applied. Whereas conventional thyristors consist of a series of diodes (their nonlinearity comes from interface effects at the p-n junctions), the present salt exhibits giant nonlinear resistance as a bulk phenomenon. We attribute the origin of this effect to the current-induced melting of insulating charge-order domains, an intrinsically non-equilibrium phenomenon in the sense that ordered domains are melted by a steady flow. 相似文献
47.
SLAC1 is required for plant guard cell S-type anion channel function in stomatal signalling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vahisalu T Kollist H Wang YF Nishimura N Chan WY Valerio G Lamminmäki A Brosché M Moldau H Desikan R Schroeder JI Kangasjärvi J 《Nature》2008,452(7186):487-491
Stomatal pores, formed by two surrounding guard cells in the epidermis of plant leaves, allow influx of atmospheric carbon dioxide in exchange for transpirational water loss. Stomata also restrict the entry of ozone--an important air pollutant that has an increasingly negative impact on crop yields, and thus global carbon fixation and climate change. The aperture of stomatal pores is regulated by the transport of osmotically active ions and metabolites across guard cell membranes. Despite the vital role of guard cells in controlling plant water loss, ozone sensitivity and CO2 supply, the genes encoding some of the main regulators of stomatal movements remain unknown. It has been proposed that guard cell anion channels function as important regulators of stomatal closure and are essential in mediating stomatal responses to physiological and stress stimuli. However, the genes encoding membrane proteins that mediate guard cell anion efflux have not yet been identified. Here we report the mapping and characterization of an ozone-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, slac1. We show that SLAC1 (SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1) is preferentially expressed in guard cells and encodes a distant homologue of fungal and bacterial dicarboxylate/malic acid transport proteins. The plasma membrane protein SLAC1 is essential for stomatal closure in response to CO2, abscisic acid, ozone, light/dark transitions, humidity change, calcium ions, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. Mutations in SLAC1 impair slow (S-type) anion channel currents that are activated by cytosolic Ca2+ and abscisic acid, but do not affect rapid (R-type) anion channel currents or Ca2+ channel function. A low homology of SLAC1 to bacterial and fungal organic acid transport proteins, and the permeability of S-type anion channels to malate suggest a vital role for SLAC1 in the function of S-type anion channels. 相似文献
48.
49.
Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium 总被引:455,自引:0,他引:455
Orlic D Kajstura J Chimenti S Jakoniuk I Anderson SM Li B Pickel J McKay R Nadal-Ginard B Bodine DM Leri A Anversa P 《Nature》2001,410(6829):701-705
Myocardial infarction leads to loss of tissue and impairment of cardiac performance. The remaining myocytes are unable to reconstitute the necrotic tissue, and the post-infarcted heart deteriorates with time. Injury to a target organ is sensed by distant stem cells, which migrate to the site of damage and undergo alternate stem cell differentiation; these events promote structural and functional repair. This high degree of stem cell plasticity prompted us to test whether dead myocardium could be restored by transplanting bone marrow cells in infarcted mice. We sorted lineage-negative (Lin-) bone marrow cells from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein by fluorescence-activated cell sorting on the basis of c-kit expression. Shortly after coronary ligation, Lin- c-kitPOS cells were injected in the contracting wall bordering the infarct. Here we report that newly formed myocardium occupied 68% of the infarcted portion of the ventricle 9 days after transplanting the bone marrow cells. The developing tissue comprised proliferating myocytes and vascular structures. Our studies indicate that locally delivered bone marrow cells can generate de novo myocardium, ameliorating the outcome of coronary artery disease. 相似文献
50.
Concerns have been raised about the potential effects of transgenic introductions on the genetic diversity of crop landraces and wild relatives in areas of crop origin and diversification, as this diversity is considered essential for global food security. Direct effects on non-target species, and the possibility of unintentionally transferring traits of ecological relevance onto landraces and wild relatives have also been sources of concern. The degree of genetic connectivity between industrial crops and their progenitors in landraces and wild relatives is a principal determinant of the evolutionary history of crops and agroecosystems throughout the world. Recent introductions of transgenic DNA constructs into agricultural fields provide unique markers to measure such connectivity. For these reasons, the detection of transgenic DNA in crop landraces is of critical importance. Here we report the presence of introgressed transgenic DNA constructs in native maize landraces grown in remote mountains in Oaxaca, Mexico, part of the Mesoamerican centre of origin and diversification of this crop. 相似文献