(+)-和(-)-1,1’-联-2-萘酚的立体选择合成

使用光学活性的2-氨基丁醇-1、麻黄素、ψ-麻黄素、酒石酸和谷氨酸在KF·2H_2O存在下分别与Merrifield树脂反应制得8种相应的手征性树脂.由这些树脂和Cu(NO_3)_2作用后生成的Cu(Ⅱ)络合物树脂作为氧化偶合试剂,对2-萘酚的氧化偶合反应具有立体选择效果,可得致电46～58ee%的(+)-或(-)-1,1′-联-2-萘酚。     

硬脂酰苯并三唑的合成及其反应活性

采用二环己基碳二亚胺缩合法由硬脂酸和苯并三唑合成了硬脂酰苯并三唑,产率85%,并利用FT-IR和1HNMR对产物进行了表征;硬脂酰苯并三唑在胰岛素的化学修饰中呈现较高的酰化反应活性及选择性,并进一步证实该酰化苯并三唑的合成是成功的.     

Ultrastructural evidence for the innervation of human pulmonary alveoli

Summary Electron Microscopic observations of the biopsied human pulmonary alveoli showed the occurrence of unmyelinated axons in the interstitium near the type I pneumocytes. These axons very likely have sensory functions.     

地球植物区系分区提纲

全球植物区系区划，或植物地理分区，从甘世纪以来有过许多著名的、有影响的区划和著作．它们把中国中部及北部的植物归入泛北极区，而把华南的植物归于古热带区，这种区划是和中国植物区系起源的实际背道而驰的．非洲的热带区系和亚洲的热带区系各有本身的起源和发展道路，把二者归并为古热带植物区，是很不协调的．本文把全球植物区系划分为：劳亚植物界，华夏植物界、澳大利亚植物界、非洲植物界、南美植物界、南极植物界、热带红树植物界．     

Peripheral SMN restoration is essential for long-term rescue of a severe spinal muscular atrophy mouse model

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease and the leading genetic cause of infant mortality; it results from loss-of-function mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Humans have a paralogue, SMN2, whose exon 7 is predominantly skipped, but the limited amount of functional, full-length SMN protein expressed from SMN2 cannot fully compensate for a lack of SMN1. SMN is important for the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, but downstream splicing targets involved in pathogenesis remain elusive. There is no effective SMA treatment, but SMN restoration in spinal cord motor neurons is thought to be necessary and sufficient. Non-central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including cardiovascular defects, were recently reported in severe SMA mouse models and patients, reflecting autonomic dysfunction or direct effects in cardiac tissues. Here we compared systemic versus CNS restoration of SMN in a severe mouse model. We used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), ASO-10-27, that effectively corrects SMN2 splicing and restores SMN expression in motor neurons after intracerebroventricular injection. Systemic administration of ASO-10-27 to neonates robustly rescued severe SMA mice, much more effectively than intracerebroventricular administration; subcutaneous injections extended the median lifespan by 25 fold. Furthermore, neonatal SMA mice had decreased hepatic Igfals expression, leading to a pronounced reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and ASO-10-27 treatment restored IGF1 to normal levels. These results suggest that the liver is important in SMA pathogenesis, underscoring the importance of SMN in peripheral tissues, and demonstrate the efficacy of a promising drug candidate.     

Regioselective one-pot protection of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are involved in a wide range of biological processes. These structurally diverse compounds are more complex than other biological polymers, and are often present as heterogeneous mixtures in nature. The chemical synthesis of carbohydrates is one way to obtain pure oligosaccharides, but it is hampered by difficulties associated with the regioselective protection of polyhydroxyls and challenges related to the stereoselective assembly of glycosidic linkages. Here we describe a combinatorial, and highly-regioselective, method that can be used to protect individual hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide. This approach can be used to install an orthogonal protecting group pattern in a single reaction vessel (a 'one-pot' reaction), which removes the need to carry out the time-consuming isolation and purification of intermediates. Hundreds of building blocks have been efficiently prepared starting from d-glucose, and the iterative coupling of these building blocks enabled us to assemble beta-1,6-glucans and a library of oligosaccharides based on the influenza-virus-binding trisaccharide.     

蒙特卡罗方法模拟无序涡旋系统中的相图

从GL(Ginzburg-Landau)自由能出发,在最低朗道能级近似下,用蒙特卡罗的方法模拟了二维无序第二类超导体涡旋态系统.对于纯净的涡旋系统,得到了从涡旋固态到涡旋液态的一级相变,验证了前人的理论.对于无序的涡旋系统,发现低温区域存在Bragg玻璃态.