Potassium and sodium transport in non-animal cells: the Trk/Ktr/HKT transporter family

Bacterial Trk and Ktr, fungal Trk and plant HKT form a family of membrane transporters permeable to K⁺ and/or Na⁺ and characterized by a common structure probably derived from an ancestral K⁺ channel subunit. This transporter family, specific of non-animal cells, displays a large diversity in terms of ionic permeability, affinity and energetic coupling (H⁺–K⁺ or Na⁺–K⁺ symport, K⁺ or Na⁺ uniport), which might reflect a high need for adaptation in organisms living in fluctuating or dilute environments. Trk/Ktr/HKT transporters are involved in diverse functions, from K⁺ or Na⁺ uptake to membrane potential control, adaptation to osmotic or salt stress, or Na⁺ recirculation from shoots to roots in plants. Structural analyses of bacterial Ktr point to multimeric structures physically interacting with regulatory subunits. Elucidation of Trk/Ktr/HKT protein structures along with characterization of mutated transporters could highlight functional and evolutionary relationships between ion channels and transporters displaying channel-like features.     

Bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive model: new alternatives with applications to tourism forecasting

This paper proposes the use of the bias‐corrected bootstrap for interval forecasting of an autoregressive time series with an arbitrary number of deterministic components. We use the bias‐corrected bootstrap based on two alternative bias‐correction methods: the bootstrap and an analytic formula based on asymptotic expansion. We also propose a new stationarity‐correction method, based on stable spectral factorization, as an alternative to Kilian's method exclusively used in past studies. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to compare small‐sample properties of prediction intervals. The results show that the bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals proposed in this paper exhibit desirable small‐sample properties. It is also found that the bootstrap bias‐corrected prediction intervals based on stable spectral factorization are tighter and more stable than those based on Kilian's stationarity‐correction. The proposed methods are applied to interval forecasting for the number of tourist arrivals in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重庆岩溶地区石漠化分布与地理环境因素的关系

为了理解重庆石漠化形成机理,运用ArcGIS栅格叠加和主成份分析功能,分析了重庆岩溶地区石漠化强度空间分布与地理环境因素的关系。得出结论:1)石漠化分布地区土层厚度较薄,厚度在39cm以下的石漠化面积占51.29%,厚度在20cm的石漠化面积占32.92%;2)石漠化严重的区域主要分布在>15°坡度区域;3)石漠化区域2010年土壤侵蚀强度等级较1999年有了明显降低,突出表现在极强度、中度土壤侵蚀,从面积比例来看,分别比1999年降低了4.78%、2.55%;4)石漠化在高程上的分布主要集中在500~800m和1000~1500m范围;5)岩溶面积分布与农业劳动力、耕地面积呈高度正相关,相关系数达0.7以上。石漠化程度与土层厚度、坡度和高程呈负相关关系,石漠化程度与土壤侵蚀强度呈正相关关系。根据石漠化成因,提出了相应的石漠化治理思路。
     

头孢呋辛酯在丙酮溶液中的降解动力学研究

为了研究头孢呋辛酯丙酮溶液的稳定性,应用高效液相色谱,采用单因素方式考察初始溶液pH值、温度、氧化剂种类等条件下,头孢呋辛酯在溶液中的含量随时间的变化规律,依据化学反应动力学方法建立得到了头孢呋辛酯在不同条件下的降解反应动力学模型,回归得到了模型参数、预测半衰期(t_(1/2))。利用Materials Studio模拟软件从分子尺度对头孢呋辛酯的降解机理进行了分析。结果表明:头孢呋辛酯丙酮溶液的降解符合一级反应动力学;pH值9.54时头孢呋辛酯丙酮溶液基本稳定,pH值≥9.54时其化学稳定性变差,随着pH值的增大降解速率迅速加快、溶液颜色加深;头孢呋辛酯丙酮溶液的化学稳定性随温度的升高而变差。研究结果可为相关产品的生产过程、结晶工艺设计、存储和应用提供数据支撑。     

PMTFP和Dipy对稀土离子的协同萃取

研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-三氟乙酰基-5-吡唑酮(PMTFP)和2.2’-联吡啶(Dipy)的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对镧(Ⅲ)、镨(Ⅲ)、钕(Ⅲ)、钆(Ⅲ)、钇(Ⅲ)、镝(Ⅲ)、镱(Ⅲ)和镥(Ⅲ)的协同萃取。用斜率法确定了协萃合物的组成为La(PMTFP)_3·Dipy。测定了它们的半萃取pH位。制得镧的固态协萃合物,作了元素分析,考察了红外和紫外吸收光谱及热稳定性。     

s-单式环的交换性定理(英文)

本文将文献[3]的引理1推广到s-单式环上,并用迭代技术给出文献[4]的定理2一个简易的证明,将若干有1环的交换性定理推广到s-单式环上。     

Pb-Sn-Bi三元系α相固溶体的点阵参数

应用X射线衍射法测定了Pb-Sn-Bi三元系Pb基α相固溶体的点阵参数,发现点阵间距与成分呈线性变化,对两批实验数据分别进行回归分析,得到点阵参数-浓度关系的统一解析式: α=0.49495X_(Pb)+0.47813X_(Sn)+0.50629X_(Bi)。其F检验置信度大于99.9％,残余标准差σ=6.4×10~(-5) nm,分析点阵畸变的影响因素表明尺寸效应是控制固溶体点阵行为的主要因素。     

添加剂对AN多变晶型影响研究

本文运用热分析的方法对四十余种无机、有机添加剂和几种表面活性剂及水分对硝酸铵(AN)晶型转变的影响进行了研究。结果表明这些添加剂对AN的影响应为多种因素的综合结果。     

Localization of the X inactivation centre on the human X chromosome in Xq13

X-chromosome inactivation results in the strictly cis-limited inactivation of many but not all genes on one of the two X chromosomes during early development in somatic cells of mammalian females. One feature of virtually all models of X inactivation is the existence of an X-inactivation centre (XIC) required in cis for inactivation to occur. This concept predicts that all structurally abnormal X chromosomes capable of being inactivated have in common a defineable region of the X chromosome. Here we report an analysis of several such rearranged human X chromosomes and define a minimal region of overlap. The results are consistent with models invoking a single XIC and provide a molecular foothold for cloning and analysing the XIC region. One of the markers that defines this region is the XIST gene, which is expressed specifically from inactive, but not active, X chromosomes. The localization of the XIST gene to the XIC region on the human X chromosome implicates XIST in some aspect of X inactivation.