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81.
Disc gel electrophoretic assays of Mimulus plants showed young stems to contain at least 15 esterase bands. The 6 bands in the center of the gels were highly reproducible. Eighty-one populations representative of all the cytotaxonomic groups and of the Western Hemisphere geographic range of the Mimulus glabratus complex were assayed for those 6 bands. There was no apparent correlation between the distribution of the esterase bands and important environmental parameters such as elevation and latitude. Hence, their distribution did not appear to reflect environmental adaptive values. Each population was monophonic for its particular combination and intensity of esterase bands which is consistent with our previous suggestion that genetic drift is a strong component of the evolutionary pattern of the complex. 相似文献
82.
Liao HF Yang YC Chen YY Hsu ML Shieh HR Chen YJ 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2007,64(1):104-111
Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized antigen-presenting cells. Bone marrow monocytes have been widely used to generate murine
myeloid DC. We found that mouse macrophages derived from bone marrow CD11b+ monocytes influenced the differentiation of these precursors into DC. Modulation of differentiation was demonstrated by the
down-regulation of CD11c, CD40, and CD86 expression and by IL-12 production. DC differentiated in the presence of conditioned
medium from bone marrow-derived macrophage culture (MCM) had impaired ability to stimulate proliferation of, and IFN- γ production
by, allogeneic CD4+ T cells. This inhibition of DC differentiation was mainly mediated by secretory products from macrophages but not by cell-cell
contact. MCM contained higher concentrations of macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-10, and TGF- β1, whereas
IL-6 remained unchanged compared with conditioned medium from fresh monocytes. M-CSF may be the major mediator in MCM inhibiting
DC differentiation. This study demonstrates an important influence of bone marrow-derived macrophages on DC precursors during
DC differentiation.
Received 12 September 2006; received after revision 20 October 2006; accepted 13 November 2006 相似文献
83.
Talos IF Mian AZ Zou KH Hsu L Goldberg-Zimring D Haker S Bhagwat JG Mulkern RV 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(10):1106-1124
The introduction and development, over the last three decades, of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy technology
for in vivo studies of the human brain represents a truly remarkable achievement, with enormous scientific and clinical ramifications.
These effectively non-invasive techniques allow for studies of the anatomy, the function and the metabolism of the living
human brain. They have allowed for new understandings of how the healthy brain works and have provided insights into the mechanisms
underlying multiple disease processes which affect the brain. Different MR techniques have been developed for studying anatomy,
function and metabolism. The primary focus of this review is to describe these different methodologies and to briefly review
how they are being employed to more fully appreciate the intricacies associated with the organ, which most distinctly differentiates
the human species from the other animal forms on earth.
Received 1 November 2005; received after revision 11 January 2006; accepted 25 January 2006 相似文献
84.
Estrada K Styrkarsdottir U Evangelou E Hsu YH Duncan EL Ntzani EE Oei L Albagha OM Amin N Kemp JP Koller DL Li G Liu CT Minster RL Moayyeri A Vandenput L Willner D Xiao SM Yerges-Armstrong LM Zheng HF Alonso N Eriksson J Kammerer CM Kaptoge SK Leo PJ Thorleifsson G Wilson SG Wilson JF Aalto V Alen M Aragaki AK Aspelund T Center JR Dailiana Z Duggan DJ Garcia M Garcia-Giralt N Giroux S Hallmans G Hocking LJ Husted LB Jameson KA Khusainova R Kim GS Kooperberg C Koromila T Kruk M Laaksonen M 《Nature genetics》2012,44(5):491-501
Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility. 相似文献
85.
This paper examines short‐horizon exchange rate predictability and investigates whether stock returns contain information for forecasting daily exchange rate movements. Inspired by the uncovered equity parity condition, we show that stock return differentials have in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive power for nominal exchange rates with short horizons (1‐day‐ahead predictions). That is, stock markets inform us about exchange rate movements, at least in the case of high‐frequency data. 相似文献
86.
Three mitotic arrestants, colchicine, Colcemid and vinblastine, were evaluated for their effects on producing meiotic arrest in the laboratory mouse. Colchicine is the most effective and its effect is both dose- and time-dependent. Treatment of mice with 40 mg/kg of colchicine for 3 h resulted in drastic improvement of the yield and quality of M-II figures. This treatment did not appear to increase the aneuploidy frequency in M-II's. 相似文献
87.
许金造 《浙江科技学院学报》2000,12(3):5-11
通过对多孔介质、湍射流的振荡流等研究的叙述,说明尽管流动现象是很复杂的,但振荡流在工业与环境流体力学中具有广泛的应用.借助先进的计算机技术和实验技术,对于振荡流的了解将会得到进一步的深入. 相似文献
88.
C. -Y. Shen K. Hsu D. Wang H. -C. Yan 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1995,51(9-10):956-960
Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, effectively prevents acute lung injury in different animal models. To investigate whether PTX would attenuate acute lung injury induced by microemboli resulting from treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl2) suspension, an isolated blood-perfused rat lung model was used. Pretreatment with PTX prevented the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), lung weight gain and protein concentration in the lavage fluid after CaCl2 treatment. 相似文献
89.
90.
Characterization and relative abundance of maxi-chloride channels in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) producer: B95-8 cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
T. H. Yeh M. C. Tsai S. Y. Lee M. M. Hsu 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(8):818-826
Several Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell lines were used to investigate the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The studies focus on the events occurring inside the membrane. On only one occasion, the cell membrane of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes from a cystic fibrosis patient was found to express defective Cl channels (CFTR; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), as in the airway epithelial cell. No other type of channel in EBV-transformed cells has so far been investigated. In this study, the cell membrane of the B95-8 cell was examined by the patch-clamp technique and compared to the non-EBV-infected BJAB cell. The high conductance (300 pS) maxi-chloride (Cl) channel activity was the most frequently observed event in inside-out configurations. Under similar experimental conditions, we have found a significantly higher probability of detecting maxi-Cl channel activity on the cell membrane of B95-8 cells (69%) than on BJAB cells (27%), or as previously reported on resting murine B lymphocytes (38%) or intact human T lymphocytes (37%). The relative abundance of the maxi-Cl channel on B95-8 cells may be linked to EBV infection and/or secretory ability. 相似文献