对象中间件技术及其发展趋势

指出了中间件是位于操作系统和应用软件之间的一类系统软件，它简化了分布式应用系统的开发．概述了中间件的含义，给出了中间件的一种分类方式，比较了现存的对象中间件模型，提出了对象中间件今后的发展方向及需要解决的关键问题．     

具有充分下降性的修正PRP算法及其收敛性

共轭梯度法因其算法简单、存储需求小,非常适合于求解大规模优化问题。在所有的共轭梯度法中,PRP方法被认为是数值表现最好的方法之一。然而,对一般非凸函数,PRP方法即使采用精确线搜索也不能保证全局收敛。本文基于一个修正的PRP公式,提出了一类无需线搜索而具有充分下降性的共轭梯度算法。在一定条件下,建立了该算法的全局收敛性结果。数值试验表明这种改进是有效的。     

一阶循环到达角估计及其在干涉仪中的应用

研究了基于信号一阶循环平稳特性的空间源信号到达角估计方法,推导得到了在双阵元条件下的测角方法和测角精度,以及空间干扰信号对测角性能的影响,并与传统干涉仪测角性能进行了比较。理论分析和仿真结果说明,基于一阶循环平稳特性的空间源信号到达角估计方法,不仅具有和干涉仪近似一致的单目标测角性能,并且能同时实现对多个具有不同一阶循环频率的目标信号的测向,这是传统干涉仪所不具备的。     

仲丁醇在Cu-ZnO-Cr2O3/SiO2催化剂上的脱 氢

采用浸渍法制备Cu-ZnO-Cr₂O₃/SiO₂ 催化剂, 考察了反应条件和催化剂的制备条件对 仲丁醇脱氢活性和选择性的影响. 借助XRD, TPD, TPR和BET等手段对催化剂进行表征， 结果表明， 催化剂的焙烧温度、 还原温度、 还原时间和载体的预处理对仲丁醇的转化率 和甲乙酮的选择性均有较大影响. 通过实验获得了最佳的反应和催化剂制备条件.     

Palaeolake and palaeoenvironment between 42 and 18 kaBP in tengger desert, NW China

Comprehensive field investigations and laboratory analyses show that palaeolakes, including fresh- mesohaline water Megalake Tengger and other semi-con- nected, isolated water bodies, during late Pleistocene covered an area of more than 20000 km², which is more than half of the Tengger Desert in NW China. Stratigraphic correlation and chronological evidence indicate that before ca. 42000 aBP the area was more arid. The palaeolakes started to develop around 40000 uncal. ¹⁴C aBP but until 37000 ¹⁴C aBP their scope was limited. High water levels established from 35000 ¹⁴C aBP lasted until 22000 ¹⁴CaBP. Lake levels regressed between 22000 and 20000 ¹⁴C aBP but transgressed from 20000 to 18600 ¹⁴C aBP. Subsequently, water level declined further and the Megalake Tengger finally desiccated at around 18000 ¹⁴C aBP. Megalake Tengger possessed a fresh-mesohaline water property, implying that the regional precipitation increased significantly. During the period of Megalake Tengger, the climate was warmer-humid than present. The annual rainfall was 250 to 350 mm more than that of today and the temperature was 1.5 to 3.0℃ higher.     

Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol,sucrose and sorbitol in rats: A multicompartmental model and recovery study

Using data obtained with a dye marker and the gavage technique, the kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of different loads of sugar substitutes (maltitol, sorbitol) and sugar (sucrose) in the rat were analysed using a linear multicompartmental model over a range from the realistic to the non-physiologic high, of carbohydrate intake levels and using only a few experimental time points. The model gave detailed insight into intestinal propulsion and gastrocecal transit time. Rate constants of transport between the compartments investigated were determined; they showed characteristics which could be related to the substance and the dosage administered. Analyses of the gastrointestinal content and calculations of the intestinal net water movement showed that the digestibility and absorption of the disaccharide sugar alcohol, maltitol, in the small gut depended inversely on the dose ingested. For all substances tested, caloric availability in the small intestine was calculated. At a physiological low level of maltitol intake, the results also indicated an insignificant calorie-saving effect in comparison to sucrose, an effect based mainly on the slow absorption rate of the maltitol cleavage product sorbitol.     

Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol, sucrose and sorbitol in rats: a multicompartmental model and recovery study.

Using data obtained with a dye marker and the gavage technique, the kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of different loads of sugar substitutes (maltitol, sorbitol) and sugar (sucrose) in the rat were analysed using a linear multicompartmental model over a range from the realistic to the non-physiologic high, of carbohydrate intake levels and using only a few experimental time points. The model gave detailed insight into intestinal propulsion and gastrocecal transit time. Rate constants of transport between the compartments investigated were determined; they showed characteristics which could be related to the substance and the dosage administered. Analyses of the gastrointestinal content and calculations of the intestinal net water movement showed that the digestibility and absorption of the disaccharide sugar alcohol, maltitol, in the small gut depended inversely on the dose ingested. For all substances tested, caloric availability in the small intestine was calculated. At a physiological low level of maltitol intake, the results also indicated an insignificant calorie-saving effect in comparison to sucrose, an effect based mainly on the slow absorption rate of the maltitol cleavage product sorbitol.     

Different beta-subunits determine G-protein interaction with transmembrane receptors.

Regulatory GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are membrane-attached heterotrimers (alpha, beta, gamma) that mediate cellular responses to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. They undergo a cycle of guanine-nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, during which they dissociate into alpha-subunit and beta gamma complex. The roles of G-protein alpha-subunits in these processes and for the specificity of signal transduction are largely established; the beta- and gamma-subunits are essential for receptor-induced G-protein activation and seem to be less diverse and less specific. Although the complementary DNAs for several beta-subunits have been cloned, isolated subunits have only been studied as beta gamma complexes. Functional differences have been ascribed to the gamma-subunit on the basis of extensive sequence similarity among beta-subunits and apparent heterogeneity in gamma-subunit sequences. Beta gamma complexes can interact directly or indirectly with different effectors. They seem to be interchangeable in their interaction with pertussis toxin-sensitive alpha-subunits, so we tested this by microinjecting antisense oligonucleotides into nuclei of a rat pituitary cell line to suppress the synthesis of individual beta-subunits selectively. Here we show that two out of four subtypes of beta-subunits tested (beta 1 and beta 3) are selectively involved in the signal transduction cascades from muscarinic M4 (ref. 4) and somatostatin receptors, respectively, to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.     

The variety of thermal conduction resulting from segmented degree of heat source body and its bearing on temperature change

The differences of thermal conduction and its temperature-varying track of the heat source body at various structural environments have been studied. Hypothetically , geologic heat source body is cut successively into several segregative bodies with a fixed cubage . With the segmented number increasing , the conductive surface area of heat source body begins to get larger, which separately is similar to the heat geologic body in different tectonic zones that has a various enclosed coefficient . Finite-element simulation result shows that the thermal conduction speed of spreading from the heat source body to its wall rock is slow→higher→ highest, when heat source bodies are situated respectively at compressive, shear and tensile deformation zones, corresponding rates of their temperature drop are low→ higher→ highest . Research indicates that the temperature ' s dropping rate of heat source body has an inverse relationship with enclosed coefficient η for different structural zones . This result can explain the tectono-physicochemical reason of magmatite evolution and its. difference .