文明戏(中国早期话剧)研究史的几个问题——以袁国兴和黄爱华近著为中心

近几年相继出版的袁国兴的《中国话剧的孕育与生成》和黄爱华的《中国早期话剧与日本》,是两部各有特色的文明戏研究专著,有体系的专门研究论著的出版,无疑标志着中国国内的文明戏研究达到了一个新的阶段。通过对文明戏研究现状和存在问题的考察,可知今后的文明戏研究方向应该是:一、加强戏剧史料的整理和研究,只有依靠正确的资料,才能期望文明戏研究有新的成果产生;二、加强中日学术交流,以解决中国学者对日本戏剧知识不足的问题;三、加强文明戏与中国传统戏曲以及早期电影的关系的研究,以更全面深入地认识和把握文明戏的特性。     

HAR1 mediates systemic regulation of symbiotic organ development

Symbiotic root nodules are beneficial to leguminous host plants; however, excessive nodulation damages the host because it interferes with the distribution of nutrients in the plant. To keep a steady balance, the nodulation programme is regulated systemically in leguminous hosts. Leguminous mutants that have lost this ability display a hypernodulating phenotype. Through the use of reciprocal and self-grafting studies using Lotus japonicus hypernodulating mutants, har1 (also known as sym78), we show that the shoot genotype is responsible for the negative regulation of nodule development. A map-based cloning strategy revealed that HAR1 encodes a protein with a relative molecular mass of 108,000, which contains 21 leucine-rich repeats, a single transmembrane domain and serine/threonine kinase domains. The har1 mutant phenotype was rescued by transfection of the HAR1 gene. In a comparison of Arabidopsis receptor-like kinases, HAR1 showed the highest level of similarity with CLAVATA1 (CLV1). CLV1 negatively regulates formation of the shoot and floral meristems through cell-cell communication involving the CLV3 peptide. Identification of hypernodulation genes thus indicates that genes in leguminous plants bearing a close resemblance to CLV1 regulate nodule development systemically, by means of organ-organ communication.     

Expression of bcl-2 gene increases in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by rattlesnake venom

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) has been induced by deprivation of survival factors (aFGF and serum) and by rattlesnake venom. The expression of bcl-2 gene has been examined by Northern blotting in the two apoptosis inducing systems. Our results show that the expression of bcl-2 has not been detected in normal culture cells and in apoptotic cells induced by deprivation of survival factors. But in apoptotic cells induced by rattlesnake venom (10 g/mL), the expression of bcl-2 increases, and its mRNA exhibits two bands. The data first suggest that increasing expression and splitting of bcl-2 mRNA may play an important role in apoptosis of VEC induced by rattlesnake venom, and this finding is helpful to understanding the role of bcl-2 in regulation of apoptosis.     

一类新型多氟氮超酸锂盐电解液的性质研究

合成了一类新型多氟氮超酸锂金属盐──二（多氟烷氧基）磺酰基氨化锂，ＬｉＮ（ＳＯ２ＯＲｆ）２（Ｒｆ＝－ＣＨ２ＣＦ３，－ＣＨ２ＣＦ２ＣＦ３，－ＣＨ３ＣＦ２ＣＦ２Ｈ，－ＣＨ（ＣＦ３）２），并用ＩＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１９ＦＮＭＲ对它们的结构进行了表征．以碳酸丙烯酯（ＰＣ）和乙二醇二甲醇（ＤＭＥ）为混合溶剂，研究了由这些锂盐组成的电解液的性质．结果显示，新型氟氮超酸锂盐的电化学性能十分优良，可以满足锂电池电解液的要求．讨论了引入不同的取代基所导致的对溶液导电性和阳极抗氧化性能的影响．     

Mutations affecting components of the SWI/SNF complex cause Coffin-Siris syndrome

By exome sequencing, we found de novo SMARCB1 mutations in two of five individuals with typical Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), a rare autosomal dominant anomaly syndrome. As SMARCB1 encodes a subunit of the SWItch/Sucrose NonFermenting (SWI/SNF) complex, we screened 15 other genes encoding subunits of this complex in 23 individuals with CSS. Twenty affected individuals (87%) each had a germline mutation in one of six SWI/SNF subunit genes, including SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCE1, ARID1A and ARID1B.     

MYH9 is a major-effect risk gene for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

The increased burden of chronic kidney and end-stage kidney diseases (ESKD) in populations of African ancestry has been largely unexplained. To identify genetic variants predisposing to idiopathic and HIV-1-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), we carried out an admixture-mapping linkage-disequilibrium genome scan on 190 African American individuals with FSGS and 222 controls. We identified a chromosome 22 region with a genome-wide logarithm of the odds (lod) score of 9.2 and a peak lod of 12.4 centered on MYH9, a functional candidate gene expressed in kidney podocytes. Multiple MYH9 SNPs and haplotypes were recessively associated with FSGS, most strongly a haplotype spanning exons 14 through 23 (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 3.5-7.1; P = 4 x 10(-23), n = 852). This association extended to hypertensive ESKD (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5-3.4; n = 433), but not type 2 diabetic ESKD (n = 476). Genetic variation at the MYH9 locus substantially explains the increased burden of FSGS and hypertensive ESKD among African Americans.     

CD38 is critical for social behaviour by regulating oxytocin secretion

CD38, a transmembrane glycoprotein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, catalyses the formation of Ca2+ signalling molecules, but its role in the neuroendocrine system is unknown. Here we show that adult CD38 knockout (CD38-/-) female and male mice show marked defects in maternal nurturing and social behaviour, respectively, with higher locomotor activity. Consistently, the plasma level of oxytocin (OT), but not vasopressin, was strongly decreased in CD38-/- mice. Replacement of OT by subcutaneous injection or lentiviral-vector-mediated delivery of human CD38 in the hypothalamus rescued social memory and maternal care in CD38-/- mice. Depolarization-induced OT secretion and Ca2+ elevation in oxytocinergic neurohypophysial axon terminals were disrupted in CD38-/- mice; this was mimicked by CD38 metabolite antagonists in CD38+/+ mice. These results reveal that CD38 has a key role in neuropeptide release, thereby critically regulating maternal and social behaviours, and may be an element in neurodevelopmental disorders.     

宽带CDMA蜂窝系统中小区容量和覆盖半径的计算

在功率控制方程中加入干扰因子后,推导了中断概率,基站接收机灵敏度,移动台最大可允许的发射功率,信干比的期望值,路径抽耗与小区覆盖半径,小区容量的关系式,在2GHz频率,宽带,各种速率时,计算了基站接收信号的信干比,小区容量和小区的覆盖半径。