Juvenile hormone titre and regulation in the cockroachDiploptera punctata

Summary Titres of juvenile hormone (JH) have been determined in both hemolymph and whole body extracts of femaleDiploptera punctata during the first gonotrophic cycle using a method employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis. JH III is the sole JH found in both adult and last instarD. punctata. Maximum values of 1500 ng/ml (6M) were observed at the middle of the gonotrophic cycle, when basal oocyte growth rate was greatest. Changes in rates of JH release in vitro by corpora allata paralleled closely the changes in JH titre, suggesting that biosynthesis is a major regulator of titre. JH levels per animal were calculated from observed JH titres, and at certain time points in the gonotrophic cycle JH levels obtained from analysis of whole bodies were significantly greater than those predicted from hemolymph titres. These results suggest the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool inD. punctata. Decay in JH titre after allatectomy of 5 day females has also been studied. Following a rapid initial decline, the rate of decay slowed appreciably 4 h post-operation. Thus, use of a first-order rate constant to estimate half-life of JH significantly underestimated the longevity of the hormone. The apparent persistence of JH following allatectomy may be due to the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool.     

Eicosapentaenoic acid in tissue lipids ofPieris brassicae

Summary Larvae of the cabbage white butterfly,Pieris brassicae, have a dietary requirement for linolenic acid (C183n3) and were found to accumulate two other members of the n-3 family, C203n3 and C205n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) especially in testicular phospholipids. Arachidonic acid was observed in trace amounts only. During diapause the relative titer of eicosapentaenoic acid increased in testicular phospholipids to about 4.2% of the fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid is a possible precursor of prostaglandins, suggesting that prostaglandins of the 3-series predominate in this insect.     

Cell-to-cell coupling studied in isolated ventricular cell pairs

Summary Cell pairs isolated from adult rat and guinea pig ventricles were used to study the electrical properties of the nexal membrane. Each cell of a pair was connected to a voltage-clamp system so as to enable whole-cell, tight-seal recording. The current-voltage relationship of the nexal membrane was found to be linear, revealing a resistance r_n of 2–4 M. r_n was insensitive to the sarcolemmal membrane potential (range:–90 to +30 mV), and exerted no time-dependent gating behavior (range: 0.1 to 10 s). Lowering pH_i yielded a small increase in r_n. Vigorous elevations in [Ca²⁺]_i gave rise to an increase in r_n which was associated with a cell shortening. Uncoupling caused by aliphatic alcohols or halothane did not produce cell shortening. Cell pairs were also used to study action potential transfer.     

Self-labeling of human polymorphonuclear leucocyte myeloperoxidase with125iodine

In order to obtain a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique for the measurement of human plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), we purified the enzyme from polymorphonuclear granulocytes (neutrophils), and compared three methods of labeling it with¹²⁵Iodine: chloramine T, lactoperoxidase, and an original technique of self labeling based on the ability of the enzyme to oxidize and bind¹²⁵I in the presence of H₂O₂. The chloramine T technique produced a degraded protein, as well shown by a high non-specific binding of tracer to antibody. The lactoperoxidase technique did not succeed in labeling MPO with an adequate specific activity. In contrast, the self-labeling method gave a stable tracer with a specific activity of 23 Ci/gmg MPO (85 MBq), a satisfactory level of immunoreactivity, and a low-specific binding (3%). After labeling, purification of tracer was achieved by gel filtration chromatography in phosphate buffer (0.05 M; pH7) to which 0.1% poly-L-lysine was added. The labeled molecule remained stable for 40 days and could be used for RIA with a polyclonal antibody raised in rabbits.     

Disruption of mitochondrial function as the basis of the trypanocidal effect of trifluoperazine onTrypanosoma cruzi

Summary The tricyclic anti-calmodulin drug trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited growth and motility of epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi, at concentrations lower than 100 M, and motility and infectivity of the bloodstream trypomastigote form at 200 M. Electron microscopy of TFP-treated epimastigotes showed that the major effect was at the mitochondrial level, with gross swelling and disorganization. The oligomycin-sensitive, mitochondrial ATPase was completely inhibited by 20 M TFP, and the same drug concentration caused a 60% decrease in intracellular ATP content. The results suggest that the trypanocidal effect of TFP may be related more to mitochondrial damage than to the well-known anticalmodulin effect of the drug.     

Increase in the survival time of mice exposed to ionizing radiation by a new class of free radical scavengers

Summary N-acyl dehydroalanines react with and scavenge mainly superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical (HO^.). The ortho-methoxyphenylacetyl dehydroalanine derivative, indexed as AD-20, protects mice against damage resulting from total body X-irradiation, as measured by the increase in their survival time. AD-20 increases the LD₅₀ at 30 days from 6.1 to 7.3 Gy in animals exposed to a wide range of X-rays (6 to 10 Gy). The dose reduction factor (D R F) of AD-20 is 1.20. We postulate that such radioprotective effect may result from its free radical scavenging activity.     

Effects of a new cholecystokinin antagonist (GE 410) on the smooth muscle of the guinea pig ileum

Summary Suc-Tyr-(SE)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp--phenethylamide (GE 410) competitively antagonized the contractions of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig ileum (pA₂=7.6, n=0.95) induced by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8). GE 410 inhibited the electrically-induced cholinergically mediated contractile responses and the [³H]ACh release in the ileum, as well as the CCK-stimulated electrical contractile responses and the [³H]ACh release in the cholinergic nerve terminals. The results suggest the existence of CCK-receptors not only in the smooth muscles but also on the neurons.