冀东褐土区花生施用石膏研究初报

在冀东褐土区花生田间施用石膏，对花生经济性状和植株各部位钙、镁含量有明显影响，并显著提高花生产量。石膏经济最佳施用量和最高产量施用量分别为３５８．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２和３８６．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，经济合理施用量为３３１．５８～３４５．３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，在此范围内，花生增产１９．０６％～１９．２３％。     

常规PCR与RACE结合法快速从cDNA文库中克隆基因

首先根据Fe(Ⅱ)-转运蛋白基因家族的保守区设计同源的常规PCR引物(F1，R1)，扩增出490bp的特异片段。然后根据RACE法原理，巧妙地设计3′RACE(F2)和5′RACE(R3)特异性引物，使两者既能分别与文库载体上的筛选扩增引物配对扩增cDNA 3′和5′末端序列，又能使扩增出的3′RACE和5′RACE产物序列有重叠部分；另外设计引物时还兼顾到使F2和R3也能配对，从而能对3′RACE和5′RACE扩增产物进行双特异性引物常规PCR鉴定。该方案不但能够直接根据序列鉴定3′RACE和5′RACE产物是否为同一基因序列，还能快捷地用常规PCR鉴定3′RACE和5′RACE扩增产物是否为特异性扩增，避免了对非特异性扩增产物的克隆测序等繁琐的鉴定过程，优化了基因克隆策略。最后根据拼读出的全长序列设计引物(F4，R4)扩增出完整编码区。应用该方法成功地从小金海棠缺铁处理的根系cDNA文库中克隆了Fe(Ⅱ)-转运蛋白基因的cDNA。说明该方案是一种从cDNA文库中克隆目的基因的快捷优化方法。     

用弱优超的概念改造NTU对策中的核心

在NTU对策中推广了弱优超与弱稳定集的概念，对核心中的支付进行了精炼，并讨论了所有不能被弱优超的支付的全体所组成的集合、核心与弱稳定集三者的关系。     

Cadmium is a mutagen that acts by inhibiting mismatch repair

Most errors that arise during DNA replication can be corrected by DNA polymerase proofreading or by post-replication mismatch repair (MMR). Inactivation of both mutation-avoidance systems results in extremely high mutability that can lead to error catastrophe. High mutability and the likelihood of cancer can be caused by mutations and epigenetic changes that reduce MMR. Hypermutability can also be caused by external factors that directly inhibit MMR. Identifying such factors has important implications for understanding the role of the environment in genome stability. We found that chronic exposure of yeast to environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium, a known human carcinogen, can result in extreme hypermutability. The mutation specificity along with responses in proofreading-deficient and MMR-deficient mutants indicate that cadmium reduces the capacity for MMR of small misalignments and base-base mismatches. In extracts of human cells, cadmium inhibited at least one step leading to mismatch removal. Together, our data show that a high level of genetic instability can result from environmental impediment of a mutation-avoidance system.     

单自由度微位移机构柔性铰链的研究

采用正交试验法安排单自由度微位移机构柔性铰链的结构设计参数，运用有限元分析方法，建立该微位移机构的三维实体模型进行仿真计算，取得单自由度微位移机构对应于载荷的位移和应力数据，通过逐步回归分析法建立该微位移机构的位移和应力的数学模型，从而定量地分析柔性铰链结构参数对该微位移机构性能参数的影响．同时，由样机实测得到测量数据，验证了最优回归方程(数学模型)的计算结果．     

Activity and reproduction in Megalobulimus paranaguensis (Gastropoda,Eupulmonata): implications for conservation in captivity for a South American land snail

ABSTRACT

In South America, Megalobulimus includes a number of threatened species, as well the largest land snails on the continent. The activity patterns and reproductive aspects of this group have not been documented. This work describes the daily and seasonal activity patterns and reproduction of M. paranaguensis. We maintained specimens in the laboratory for one year, and we quantified their behaviour for one hour at four different times of the day (0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 18 h) during three days in four months (August, September, April and May). The number of postures, hatching rate, time of hatching since oviposition and mortality rate among juveniles for each month were also quantified. Megalobulimus paranaguensis was more active in August, and had a egg laying peak one month after. Fifty-one eggs were laid by 12 captive individuals throughout the year, with a mean value of 4.25 eggs per individual. The hatching rate was 80.39%, and the time of hatching since oviposition was 56.7 ± 4.3 days. In two eggs, we observed the presence of twins. The mortality rate among juveniles was low (9.30%) indicating that rearing land snails in captivity has the potential to be an important and viable tool for the management and conservation of these organisms.     

残留碳化物在等温球化处理中的作用

本文研究了5种钢在等温球化处理中残留碳化物的分布形态（数量、有效尺寸、弥散度、形状）的作用，结果表明，残留碳化物的有效尺寸越小，数目越多，形状为圆形时，效果较为理想。经过电子显微镜、金相显微镜以及理论上的分析，证实了点状残留碳化物起的作用为：使碳化物以短棒状和颗粒状析出，为以后碳化物长大做好准备，同时，本文还制定了GCr15和T12最佳的等温球化工艺。     

用图解解析法进行运动平面三个有限近位置的机构综合

本文用图解解析方法．建立了极点、镜像点和等角反向规律的数学模型；解决了运动平面三个有限接近位置机构综合的计算机辅助设计问题，并附有计算程序框图和工程设计实例．