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81.
82.
Mutations in kelch-like 3 and cullin 3 cause hypertension and electrolyte abnormalities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Boyden LM Choi M Choate KA Nelson-Williams CJ Farhi A Toka HR Tikhonova IR Bjornson R Mane SM Colussi G Lebel M Gordon RD Semmekrot BA Poujol A Välimäki MJ De Ferrari ME Sanjad SA Gutkin M Karet FE Tucci JR Stockigt JR Keppler-Noreuil KM Porter CC Anand SK Whiteford ML Davis ID Dewar SB Bettinelli A Fadrowski JJ Belsha CW Hunley TE Nelson RD Trachtman H Cole TR Pinsk M Bockenhauer D Shenoy M Vaidyanathan P Foreman JW Rasoulpour M Thameem F Al-Shahrouri HZ Radhakrishnan J Gharavi AG Goilav B 《Nature》2012,482(7383):98-102
Hypertension affects one billion people and is a principal reversible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a rare Mendelian syndrome featuring hypertension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis, has revealed previously unrecognized physiology orchestrating the balance between renal salt reabsorption and K(+) and H(+) excretion. Here we used exome sequencing to identify mutations in kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) or cullin 3 (CUL3) in PHAII patients from 41 unrelated families. KLHL3 mutations are either recessive or dominant, whereas CUL3 mutations are dominant and predominantly de novo. CUL3 and BTB-domain-containing kelch proteins such as KLHL3 are components of cullin-RING E3 ligase complexes that ubiquitinate substrates bound to kelch propeller domains. Dominant KLHL3 mutations are clustered in short segments within the kelch propeller and BTB domains implicated in substrate and cullin binding, respectively. Diverse CUL3 mutations all result in skipping of exon 9, producing an in-frame deletion. Because dominant KLHL3 and CUL3 mutations both phenocopy recessive loss-of-function KLHL3 mutations, they may abrogate ubiquitination of KLHL3 substrates. Disease features are reversed by thiazide diuretics, which inhibit the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal nephron of the kidney; KLHL3 and CUL3 are expressed in this location, suggesting a mechanistic link between KLHL3 and CUL3 mutations, increased Na-Cl reabsorption, and disease pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate the utility of exome sequencing in disease gene identification despite the combined complexities of locus heterogeneity, mixed models of transmission and frequent de novo mutation, and establish a fundamental role for KLHL3 and CUL3 in blood pressure, K(+) and pH homeostasis. 相似文献
83.
Hakim O Resch W Yamane A Klein I Kieffer-Kwon KR Jankovic M Oliveira T Bothmer A Voss TC Ansarah-Sobrinho C Mathe E Liang G Cobell J Nakahashi H Robbiani DF Nussenzweig A Hager GL Nussenzweig MC Casellas R 《Nature》2012,484(7392):69-74
Recurrent chromosomal translocations underlie both haematopoietic and solid tumours. Their origin has been ascribed to selection of random rearrangements, targeted DNA damage, or frequent nuclear interactions between translocation partners; however, the relative contribution of each of these elements has not been measured directly or on a large scale. Here we examine the role of nuclear architecture and frequency of DNA damage in the genesis of chromosomal translocations by measuring these parameters simultaneously in cultured mouse B lymphocytes. In the absence of recurrent DNA damage, translocations between Igh or Myc and all other genes are directly related to their contact frequency. Conversely, translocations associated with recurrent site-directed DNA damage are proportional to the rate of DNA break formation, as measured by replication protein A accumulation at the site of damage. Thus, non-targeted rearrangements reflect nuclear organization whereas DNA break formation governs the location and frequency of recurrent translocations, including those driving B-cell malignancies. 相似文献
84.
The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Curtis C Shah SP Chin SF Turashvili G Rueda OM Dunning MJ Speed D Lynch AG Samarajiwa S Yuan Y Gräf S Ha G Haffari G Bashashati A Russell R McKinney S;METABRIC Group Langerød A Green A Provenzano E Wishart G Pinder S Watson P Markowetz F Murphy L Ellis I Purushotham A Børresen-Dale AL Brenton JD Tavaré S Caldas C Aparicio S 《Nature》2012,486(7403):346-352
85.
Berger MF Hodis E Heffernan TP Deribe YL Lawrence MS Protopopov A Ivanova E Watson IR Nickerson E Ghosh P Zhang H Zeid R Ren X Cibulskis K Sivachenko AY Wagle N Sucker A Sougnez C Onofrio R Ambrogio L Auclair D Fennell T Carter SL Drier Y Stojanov P Singer MA Voet D Jing R Saksena G Barretina J Ramos AH Pugh TJ Stransky N Parkin M Winckler W Mahan S Ardlie K Baldwin J Wargo J Schadendorf D Meyerson M Gabriel SB Golub TR Wagner SN Lander ES Getz G Chin L Garraway LA 《Nature》2012,485(7399):502-506
Melanoma is notable for its metastatic propensity, lethality in the advanced setting and association with ultraviolet exposure early in life. To obtain a comprehensive genomic view of melanoma in humans, we sequenced the genomes of 25 metastatic melanomas and matched germline DNA. A wide range of point mutation rates was observed: lowest in melanomas whose primaries arose on non-ultraviolet-exposed hairless skin of the extremities (3 and 14 per megabase (Mb) of genome), intermediate in those originating from hair-bearing skin of the trunk (5-55 per Mb), and highest in a patient with a documented history of chronic sun exposure (111 per Mb). Analysis of whole-genome sequence data identified PREX2 (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2)--a PTEN-interacting protein and negative regulator of PTEN in breast cancer--as a significantly mutated gene with a mutation frequency of approximately 14% in an independent extension cohort of 107 human melanomas. PREX2 mutations are biologically relevant, as ectopic expression of mutant PREX2 accelerated tumour formation of immortalized human melanocytes in vivo. Thus, whole-genome sequencing of human melanoma tumours revealed genomic evidence of ultraviolet pathogenesis and discovered a new recurrently mutated gene in melanoma. 相似文献
86.
87.
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
Jung M Reichstein M Ciais P Seneviratne SI Sheffield J Goulden ML Bonan G Cescatti A Chen J de Jeu R Dolman AJ Eugster W Gerten D Gianelle D Gobron N Heinke J Kimball J Law BE Montagnani L Mu Q Mueller B Oleson K Papale D Richardson AD Roupsard O Running S Tomelleri E Viovy N Weber U Williams C Wood E Zaehle S Zhang K 《Nature》2010,467(7318):951-954
More than half of the solar energy absorbed by land surfaces is currently used to evaporate water. Climate change is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle and to alter evapotranspiration, with implications for ecosystem services and feedback to regional and global climate. Evapotranspiration changes may already be under way, but direct observational constraints are lacking at the global scale. Until such evidence is available, changes in the water cycle on land?a key diagnostic criterion of the effects of climate change and variability?remain uncertain. Here we provide a data-driven estimate of global land evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2008, compiled using a global monitoring network, meteorological and remote-sensing observations, and a machine-learning algorithm. In addition, we have assessed evapotranspiration variations over the same time period using an ensemble of process-based land-surface models. Our results suggest that global annual evapotranspiration increased on average by 7.1?±?1.0?millimetres per year per decade from 1982 to 1997. After that, coincident with the last major El Ni?o event in 1998, the global evapotranspiration increase seems to have ceased until 2008. This change was driven primarily by moisture limitation in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly Africa and Australia. In these regions, microwave satellite observations indicate that soil moisture decreased from 1998 to 2008. Hence, increasing soil-moisture limitations on evapotranspiration largely explain the recent decline of the global land-evapotranspiration trend. Whether the changing behaviour of evapotranspiration is representative of natural climate variability or reflects a more permanent reorganization of the land water cycle is a key question for earth system science. 相似文献
88.
Timm Schubert Corinna Gleiser Peter Heiduschka Christoph Franz Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum Ayse Sahaboglu Nicole Weisschuh Gordon Eske Karin Rohbock Norman Rieger François Paquet-Durand Bernd Wissinger Uwe Wolfrum Bernhard Hirt Wibke Singer Lukas Rüttiger Ulrike Zimmermann Marlies Knipper 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2015,72(20):3953-3969
89.
Harold J. Cook Nicholas H. Steneck Arthur J. Vander Gordon L. Kane 《Annals of science》2013,70(3):323-351
Two overriding considerations shaped the development of early research on the biological effects of microwave radiation—possible medical application (diathermy) and uncertainty about the hazards of exposure to radar. Reports in the late 1940s and early 1950s of hazards resulting from microwave exposure led to the near abandonment of medical research related to microwave diathermy at the same time that military and industrial concern over hazards grew, culminating in the massive research effort known as ‘the Tri-Service program’ (1957–1960). Both the early focus on medical application and the later search for hazards played important roles in dictating how this field of research developed as a science. 相似文献
90.