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911.
Crystallization of a second adenovirus protein (the fibre) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
912.
913.
914.
Schödel R Ott T Genzel R Hofmann R Lehnert M Eckart A Mouawad N Alexander T Reid MJ Lenzen R Hartung M Lacombe F Rouan D Gendron E Rousset G Lagrange AM Brandner W Ageorges N Lidman C Moorwood AF Spyromilio J Hubin N Menten KM 《Nature》2002,419(6908):694-696
Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres-more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities and the discovery of variable X-ray emission have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, but have hitherto been unable to rule out conclusively the presence of alternative concentrations of mass. Here we report ten years of high-resolution astrometric imaging that allows us to trace two-thirds of the orbit of the star currently closest to the compact radio source (and massive black-hole candidate) Sagittarius A*. The observations, which include both pericentre and apocentre passages, show that the star is on a bound, highly elliptical keplerian orbit around Sgr A*, with an orbital period of 15.2 years and a pericentre distance of only 17 light hours. The orbit with the best fit to the observations requires a central point mass of (3.7 +/- 1.5) x 10(6) solar masses (M(*)). The data no longer allow for a central mass composed of a dense cluster of dark stellar objects or a ball of massive, degenerate fermions. 相似文献
915.
The community of the self 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Buchman TG 《Nature》2002,420(6912):246-251
Good health, which reflects the harmonious integration of molecules, cells, tissues and organs, is dynamically stable: when displaced by disease, compensation and correction are common, even without medical care. Physiology and computational biology now suggest that healthy dynamic stability arises through the combination of specific feedback mechanisms and spontaneous properties of interconnected networks. Today's physicians are already testing to 'see if the network is right'; tomorrow's physicians may well use therapies to 'make the network right'. 相似文献
916.
Multiplicative computation in a visual neuron sensitive to looming 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Multiplicative operations are important in sensory processing, but their biophysical implementation remains largely unknown. We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose output firing rate in response to looming visual stimuli has been described by two models, one of which involves a multiplication. In this model, the LGMD multiplies postsynaptically two inputs (one excitatory, one inhibitory) that converge onto its dendritic tree; in the other model, inhibition is presynaptic to the LGMD. By using selective activation and inactivation of pre- and postsynaptic inhibition, we show that postsynaptic inhibition has a predominant role, suggesting that multiplication is implemented within the neuron itself. Our pharmacological experiments and measurements of firing rate versus membrane potential also reveal that sodium channels act both to advance the response of the LGMD in time and to map membrane potential to firing rate in a nearly exponential manner. These results are consistent with an implementation of multiplication based on dendritic subtraction of two converging inputs encoded logarithmically, followed by exponentiation through active membrane conductances. 相似文献
917.
918.
Davoli C Marconi A Serafino A Iannoni C Marcheggiano A Ravagnan G 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2002,59(3):527-539
Nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs by sequence homology to the neurotrophins, a family of proteins binding the same p75 receptor
and closely related members of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Fundamental in the vertebrate nervous system,
neurotrophin signals have also been suggested as essential for relatively complex nervous systems occurring in invertebrate
species that live longer than Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Mammalian neurotrophins have been found to influence invertebrate neuronal growth. However, there are only a few data on
the presence of molecules related to neurotrophin signalling components in invertebrates. Our studies provide evidence that
analogues of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors are expressed in Eisenia foetida earthworms. In particular, NGF-like and Trk-like immunoreactive proteins are both expressed in the nervous system, whereas
p75-like positivity identifies tubular structures associated with dorsal pores that are involved in the earthworm response
to mechanical irritation or stress.
Received 12 November 2001; received after revision 8 January 2002; accepted 8 January 2002 相似文献
919.
Malaria results in up to 2.5 million deaths annually, with young children and pregnant women at greatest risk. The great
majority of severe disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. A characteristic feature of infection with P. falciparum is the accumulation or sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (RBCs) in various organs, such as the brain, lung
and placenta, and together with other factors is important in the pathogenesis of severe forms of malaria. Sequestration results
from adhesive interactions between parasite-derived proteins expressed on the surface of infected RBCs and a number of host
molecules on the surface of endothelial cells, placental cells and uninfected RBCs. Some receptors for parasite adhesion have
been implicated in particular malaria syndromes, such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in cerebral malaria and chondroitin
sulfate A and hyaluronic acid in placental infection. The principal parasite ligand and antigen on the RBC surface, P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 encoded by a multigene family termed var, is clonally variant, enabling evasion of specific immune responses. An understanding of these host-parasite interactions
in the context of clinical disease and immunity may reveal potential targets to prevent or treat severe forms of malaria.
Received 25 June 2001; received after revision 22 August 2001; accepted 24 August 2001 相似文献
920.
Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Düllmann ChE Brüchle W Dressler R Eberhardt K Eichler B Eichler R Gäggeler HW Ginter TN Glaus F Gregorich KE Hoffman DC Jäger E Jost DT Kirbach UW Lee DM Nitsche H Patin JB Pershina V Piguet D Qin Z Schädel M Schausten B Schimpf E Schött HJ Soverna S Sudowe R Thörle P Timokhin SN Trautmann N Türler A Vahle A Wirth G Yakushev AB Zielinski PM 《Nature》2002,418(6900):859-862
The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations from known trends in chemical properties. In the case of the first two transactinides, elements 104 and 105, relativistic effects do indeed influence their chemical properties, whereas elements 106 and 107 both behave as expected from their position within the periodic table. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of only seven detected atoms of element 108 (hassium, Hs), which were generated as isotopes (269)Hs (refs 8, 9) and (270)Hs (ref. 10) in the fusion reaction between (26)Mg and (248)Cm. The hassium atoms are immediately oxidized to a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO(4), for which we determine an enthalpy of adsorption on our detector surface that is comparable to the adsorption enthalpy determined under identical conditions for the osmium oxide OsO(4). These results provide evidence that the chemical properties of hassium and its lighter homologue osmium are similar, thus confirming that hassium exhibits properties as expected from its position in group 8 of the periodic table. 相似文献