2＋1维U（1）格点规范理论的相图

应用单元格试探作用量变分法研究2 1维U(1)格点规范场的相图。解析地计算出序参量——平均元格能量,与MC方法所得结果符合很好。证实2 1维U(1)格点规范理论是禁闭的。消除了以往文献中用单链试探作用量变分法出现的不正确的一级相变点,还可以很方便地计算到比MC方法的β更大的深度弱耦合区。     

Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer

A main limitation of therapies that selectively target kinase signalling pathways is the emergence of secondary drug resistance. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is effective in a subset of KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancers. After an initial response, secondary resistance invariably ensues, thereby limiting the clinical benefit of this drug. The molecular bases of secondary resistance to cetuximab in colorectal cancer are poorly understood. Here we show that molecular alterations (in most instances point mutations) of KRAS are causally associated with the onset of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in colorectal cancers. Expression of mutant KRAS under the control of its endogenous gene promoter was sufficient to confer cetuximab resistance, but resistant cells remained sensitive to combinatorial inhibition of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase (MEK). Analysis of metastases from patients who developed resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab showed the emergence of KRAS amplification in one sample and acquisition of secondary KRAS mutations in 60% (6 out of 10) of the cases. KRAS mutant alleles were detectable in the blood of cetuximab-treated patients as early as 10 months before radiographic documentation of disease progression. In summary, the results identify KRAS mutations as frequent drivers of acquired resistance to cetuximab in colorectal cancers, indicate that the emergence of KRAS mutant clones can be detected non-invasively months before radiographic progression and suggest early initiation of a MEK inhibitor as a rational strategy for delaying or reversing drug resistance.     

涡旋射流控制逆压梯度平板边界层分离的涡结构研究

为了研究涡旋射流控制边界层分离的物理机理,设计、搭建了涡旋射流控制逆压梯度平板边界层分离实验台,在此基础上对低雷诺数下平板边界层分离及射流控制进行了实验和数值研究.通过对比不同射流控制方式的统计特性及射流控制效果,揭示了射流流场大尺度相干结构的演化规律.射流瞬时流动细节的研究表明:发卡涡和类发卡涡是逆压梯度环境下直射流和斜射流中比较典型的涡结构;在斜射流中,随着类发卡涡的发展,射流孔下游发展成熟的类发卡涡涡腿外侧出现了不断增强的次生流向涡结构;次生涡结构对壁面附近能量的增大和质量的输运、耗散具有重要的作用.经对比发现,斜射流控制流动分离的效果明显优于直射流.     

尖萼耧斗菜的传粉机制与遗传结构

对尖萼耧斗菜(Aquilegia oxysepala Trautv.et C.A.Mey.)及其变型黄花尖萼耧斗菜(A.oxysepala f.pallidiflora(Nakai)Kitag)进行了传粉生物学与遗传结构研究.结果表明,虽然尖萼耧斗菜及其变型黄花尖萼耧斗菜的繁殖系统没有差异,但其传粉高峰期已经产生分化.其次,SSR数据显示这二者的遗传结构也产生了分化,为将来进一步研究其种内的微分化奠定了基础.     

The observation of store effect of suspension red blood cell by using percoll density gradient fractionation

目的:应用Percoll密度梯度分离法观察悬浮红细胞的保存效果,为临床安全用血,提高临床输血疗效提供依据.方法:应用Percoll密度梯度分离法对枸橼酸盐-磷酸盐-葡萄糖-腺嘌呤(CPDA)保存液,对保存4、7、14、21 d的悬浮红细胞进行密度(胞龄)分离并对各种胞龄的细胞计数.结果:保存4、7和14 d的悬浮红细胞在Percoll法下可以分成4种胞龄的红细胞,红细胞数目中龄1(M1)＞中龄2(M2)＞青龄(Y)＞老龄(O).保存21 d的红细胞只能分成3层,没有青龄红细胞.结论:悬浮红细胞在保存14 d后其青龄的红细胞逐渐减少,剩下中、老龄的红细胞.     

AZ31镁合金的热变形加工图及其应用

为了确定AZ31镁合金轧制工艺参数,利用Gleeble--3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验以测试其热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型理论得到其热加工图.当变形温度为380～400℃、应变速率为3～12 s-1时,功率耗散效率大于30%,属于动态再结晶峰区;在该区域进行异步轧制变形退火处理后得到平均晶粒直径为2.3μm的细晶组织,抗拉强度为322.7MPa,延伸率为19.6%.当应变速率大于15 s-1时,属于流变失稳区,250～300℃低温加工时合金的塑性显著降低,350～400℃高温加工时合金出现混晶组织.     

Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR

Inhibition of the BRAF(V600E) oncoprotein by the small-molecule drug PLX4032 (vemurafenib) is highly effective in the treatment of melanoma. However, colon cancer patients harbouring the same BRAF(V600E) oncogenic lesion have poor prognosis and show only a very limited response to this drug. To investigate the cause of the limited therapeutic effect of PLX4032 in BRAF(V600E) mutant colon tumours, here we performed an RNA-interference-based genetic screen in human cells to search for kinases whose knockdown synergizes with BRAF(V600E) inhibition. We report that blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) shows strong synergy with BRAF(V600E) inhibition. We find in multiple BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers that inhibition of EGFR by the antibody drug cetuximab or the small-molecule drugs gefitinib or erlotinib is strongly synergistic with BRAF(V600E) inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we find that BRAF(V600E) inhibition causes a rapid feedback activation of EGFR, which supports continued proliferation in the presence of BRAF(V600E) inhibition. Melanoma cells express low levels of EGFR and are therefore not subject to this feedback activation. Consistent with this, we find that ectopic expression of EGFR in melanoma cells is sufficient to cause resistance to PLX4032. Our data suggest that BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers (approximately 8-10% of all colon cancers), for which there are currently no targeted treatment options available, might benefit from combination therapy consisting of BRAF and EGFR inhibitors.     

Structural basis of ultraviolet-B perception by UVR8

The Arabidopsis thaliana protein UVR8 is a photoreceptor for ultraviolet-B. Upon ultraviolet-B irradiation, UVR8 undergoes an immediate switch from homodimer to monomer, which triggers a signalling pathway for ultraviolet protection. The mechanism by which UVR8 senses ultraviolet-B remains largely unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of UVR8 at 1.8?? resolution, revealing a symmetric homodimer of seven-bladed β-propeller that is devoid of any external cofactor as the chromophore. Arginine residues that stabilize the homodimeric interface, principally Arg?286 and Arg?338, make elaborate intramolecular cation-π interactions with surrounding tryptophan amino acids. Two of these tryptophans, Trp?285 and Trp?233, collectively serve as the ultraviolet-B chromophore. Our structural and biochemical analyses identify the molecular mechanism for UVR8-mediated ultraviolet-B perception, in which ultraviolet-B radiation results in destabilization of the intramolecular cation-π interactions, causing disruption of the critical intermolecular hydrogen bonds mediated by Arg?286 and Arg?338 and subsequent dissociation of the UVR8 homodimer.     

山西沁河上游河岸植被缓冲带综合评价

在对河岸带特性进行调查的基础上,针对我国北方河岸带的特点,从河流健康状况、岸坡稳定性、河岸带土壤条件、河岸带植被条件等4个方面选取16个指标,运用层次分析法,构建了河岸植被缓冲带综合评价体系,并将河岸带生态系统的状态分为4个等级:理想状态、良好状态、一般自然状态和较差状态。运用该体系对山西省沁河的一级支流赤石桥河和紫红河的河岸植被带现状进行评价,结果显示赤石桥河处于"良好状态",紫红河处于"一般状态"。     

现代光学成像技术在食品品质快速检测中的应用

食品现代化生产、加工过程中需要对食品品质信息进行快速无损获取,以保证食品品质安全,满足消费者的需要.近年来国内频发的食品质量与安全问题也要求实现食品品质安全信息的客观准确检测.现代光学成像技术通过获取食品在不同光谱波段下的图像信息,然后采用数字图像处理算法进行特征信息提取,并通过模式识别算法建立食品品质定量关系模型,从而实现食品品质信息的快速、无损、高效、低成本检测,为食品现代化加工流程中的自动控制和分级管理与监控提供信息支持.孙大文院士领导的爱尔兰国立都柏林大学(University College Dublin,UCD)食品冷冻与计算机化食品技术(Food Refrige-ration&Computerised Food Technology,FRCFT)研究所在应用包括计算机视觉技术和高光谱成像技术在内的多种现代光学成像技术对食品品质快速无损检测这一领域的研究工作一直处于世界领先水平,研究成果得到了国际同行的广泛认可和高度关注.本文综述了孙大文院士及其团队过去十余年间在相关领域取得的一系列原创性研究成果.