Phototactic choice between two white light sources of various intensity in blowfly,Calliphora erythrocephala Meig.

Zusammenfassung Die Proportion der Auswahl des variablen Lichtes durch die Population der Schmeissfliege,Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. im LabyrinthY, beim Standard 900 Lux, wächst zusammen mit der relativen Lichtstärke, wobei sie sich bei grösseren Lichtstärken dem Maximalwert von etwa 0.60 zu nähern scheint.     

Pyruvate kinase inhibited by L-cysteine as a marker of tumorigenic human urothelial cell lines

Summary It was found that a decrease in electrophoretic mobility of pyruvate kinase (PK) isoenzyme, and an increase of the sensitivity of this enzyme to L-cysteine, were markers of immortalization and tumorigenic properties, respectively, in human urothelial cell lines characterized by different grades of transformation (TGr) in vitro.     

Basal forebrain heating and ADH release in dogs

Résumé On a examiné des effets d'un élèvement local de la température du prosencéphale basal sur le taux de l'ADH plasmatique et les réponses thermorégulatrices chez les chiens chroniquement munis de thermodes. On a constaté en avant de la commissure antérieure une élévation de la concentration de l'ADH dans le plasma sanguin et dans la plupart des cas une polypnée. On peut supposer que les neurones thermosensitifs de la même région jouent un rôle dans l'activation du système antidiurétique hypothalamo-hypophysaire.

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The author thanks Mrs.W. Radziszewska for making histological preparations and Mr.W. Pringle from Parke and Davis for supplying the ampoules of Pitressin used in this study.     

Influence of classical immunosuppressants on spleen colony formation in mice

Zusammenfassung Nachweis eines Hemmeffektes immunosupressiver Mittel (Cortison, Cyclophosphamide und Immuran) bei Mäusen nach UV-Bestrahlung auf die hämopoetische Regeneration (Milzkolonien und Knochenmarkzellen).     

Mutations in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Digital clubbing, recognized by Hippocrates in the fifth century BC, is the outward hallmark of pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, a clinical constellation that develops secondary to various acquired diseases, especially intrathoracic neoplasm. The pathogenesis of clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy has hitherto been poorly understood, but a clinically indistinguishable primary (idiopathic) form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is recognized. This familial disorder can cause diagnostic confusion, as well as significant disability. By autozygosity methods, we mapped PHO to chromosome 4q33-q34 and identified mutations in HPGD, encoding 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, the main enzyme of prostaglandin degradation. Homozygous individuals develop PHO secondary to chronically elevated prostaglandin E(2) levels. Heterozygous relatives also show milder biochemical and clinical manifestations. These findings not only suggest therapies for PHO, but also imply that clubbing secondary to other pathologies may be prostaglandin mediated. Testing for HPGD mutations and biochemical testing for HPGD deficiency in patients with unexplained clubbing might help to obviate extensive searches for occult pathology.     

Somatostatin inhibits the mitogenic effect of thyroliberin.

The effect of somatostatin and of thyroliberin on the mitotic incidence in the organ-cultured anterior pituitary lobe of the rat was investigated, using the colchicine metaphase-arrest technique. It was found that somatostatin added to the culture medium, together with thyroliberin, blocked the mitogenic effect of the latter.     

Spin-based logic in semiconductors for reconfigurable large-scale circuits

Research in semiconductor spintronics aims to extend the scope of conventional electronics by using the spin degree of freedom of an electron in addition to its charge. Significant scientific advances in this area have been reported, such as the development of diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors, spin injection into semiconductors from ferromagnetic metals and discoveries of new physical phenomena involving electron spin. Yet no viable means of developing spintronics in semiconductors has been presented. Here we report a theoretical design that is a conceptual step forward-spin accumulation is used as the basis of a semiconductor computer circuit. Although the giant magnetoresistance effect in metals has already been commercially exploited, it does not extend to semiconductor/ferromagnet systems, because the effect is too weak for logic operations. We overcome this obstacle by using spin accumulation rather than spin flow. The basic element in our design is a logic gate that consists of a semiconductor structure with multiple magnetic contacts; this serves to perform fast and reprogrammable logic operations in a noisy, room-temperature environment. We then introduce a method to interconnect a large number of these gates to form a 'spin computer'. As the shrinking of conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors reaches its intrinsic limit, greater computational capability will mean an increase in both circuit area and power dissipation. Our spin-based approach may provide wide margins for further scaling and also greater computational capability per gate.     

Hypercoagulability and thrombocytopenia after platelet factor 4 infusion into rabbits

Résumé Le facteur plaquettaire 4 injecté aux lapins par la voie i.v. cause un abaissement rapide de taux de fibrinogène et de nombre de plaquettes, le racourcissement de temps de coagulation et l'augmentation de plaquettes adhésives.