Improved Square-Root UKF Algorithm for State Estimation of Nonlinear Systems

The square-root unscented Kalman filter (SR-UKF) for state estimation probably encounters the problem that Cholesky factor update of the covariance matrices can't be implemented when the zero'th weight of sigma points is negative or the numerical computation error becomes large during the filtering procedure.Consequently the filter becomes invalid.An improved SR-UKF algorithm (ISR-UKF) is presented for state estimation of arbitrary nonlinear systems with linear measurements.It adopts a modified form of predicted covariance matrices,and modifies the Cholesky factor calculation of the updated covariance matrix originating from the square-root covariance filtering method.Discussions have been given on how to avoid the filter invalidation and further error accumulation.The comparison between the ISR-UKF and the SR-UKF by simulation also shows both have the same accuracy for state estimation.Finally the performance of the improved filter is evaluated under the impact of model mismatch.The error behavior shows that the ISR-UKF can overcome the impact of model mismatch to a certain extent and has excellent trace capability.     

多人层次分析几何平均算法原理

在多人层次分析法(GAHP)中,几何平均综合排序向量是常用的较好算法,该文论证了它作为多人偏好测度的算法原理和保序性。     

梯度下降法

该文提出了一个无约束优化的新算法——梯度下降法。该法利用已得迭代点的信息,根据|g_(k+1)|≤|g_k|的要求,通过解非线性方程组g=g_(k+1)得下一个迭代点x_(k+1)。该法特点是:不需进行一维搜索;对正定二次函数具有二步迭代收敛性;对连续可微的凸函数保证收敛到全局极小点;其收敛域比牛顿法大;收敛速度比牛顿法慢些,但比著名的BFGS变尺度法和FR共轭梯度法快。     

Distribution of two distinct Ca2+-ATPase-like proteins and their relationships to the agonist-sensitive calcium store in adrenal chromaffin cells

Many cellular functions are regulated by activation of cell-surface receptors that mobilize calcium from internal stores sensitive to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3). The nature of these internal calcium stores and their localization in cells is not clear and has been a subject of debate. It was originally suggested that the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive store is the endoplasmic reticulum, but a new organelle, the calciosome, identified by its possession of the calcium-binding protein, calsequestrin, and a Ca2+-ATPase-like protein of relative molecular mass 100,000 (100K), has been described as a potential Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive calcium store. Direct evidence on whether the calciosome is the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive store is lacking. Using monoclonal antibodies raised against the Ca2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, we show that bovine adrenal chromaffin cells contain two Ca2+-ATPase-like proteins with distinct subcellular distributions. A 100K Ca2+-ATPase-like protein is diffusely distributed, whereas a 140K Ca2+-ATPase-like protein is restricted to a region in close proximity to the nucleus. In addition, Ins(1,4,5)P3-generating agonists result in a highly localized rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) initiated in a region close to the nucleus, whereas caffeine results in a rise in [Ca2+]i throughout the cytoplasm. Our results indicate that chromaffin cells possess two calcium stores with distinct Ca2+-ATPases and that the organelle with the 100K Ca2+-ATPase is not the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive store.     

MRPⅡ系统提前期的模拟估计法

本文通过ＭＲＰⅡ与ＰＥＲＴ间的对应关系，分析了用常规ＰＥＲＴ工期估计法解决提前期估计问题的缺陷，提出了用蒙特卡洛模拟法解决此问题的思路与方法。     

C波段低相噪数字锁相频率合成器

在较详细分析常规移频数字锁相频率合成器的基础上,提出了4?890MHz～5030MHz一种C波低相噪数字锁相频率合成方法,对此进行了分析、讨论。对环路滤波器参数和合成器相位噪声进行了估算,并给出了研制结果L     

Demonstration of polysome disaggregation due to dimethylnitrosamine by acrylamide gel polymerization after centrifugation

Résumé La désagrégation des polysomes du foie provoquée par des agents toxiques peut être mise en évidence par polymérisation, après centrifugation, d'un gradient de saccharose auquel des monomères d'acrylamide ont été additionnés. Ce procédé simple et souple donne de bons résultats et exige moins d'instrumentation que les méthodes habituelles.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚四亚甲基醚多嵌段共聚物的交叉分级和体积排斥色谱

本文采用交叉分级法和体积排斥色谱法(SEC)分别测定了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚四亚甲基醚多嵌段共聚物(PET-PTMG)的分子量分布和组成分布,并对两种方法的结果进行了比较。讨论了PET-PTMG的交叉分级和体积排斥色谱规律。结果表明:当共聚物的各组成相容性很差时(例如PET-PTMG),交叉分级对组成分离起主要作用,而对分子量分离的效率较差;由SEC法测定共聚物的组成分布只是反映组成随分子量变化的情况,而不能代表真实的组成分布;PET-PTMG～氯仿体系并不符合SEC普适校正规律。     

己烷在Pt(或Pd)/η-Al_2O_3(或HM)催化剂上的转化机理(英文)

采用微型脉冲催化反应技术,在250—450℃和0.3 MPa的条件下,以η-Al_2O_3、HM、0.5wt% Pt/η-Al_2O_3、0.5wt% Pt/HM、0.05wt% Pd/HM、0.5wt% Pd/HM和3.5wt% Pd/HM等为催化剂,研究了已烷异构体转化的反应机理。同时,还研究了C_6烷烃在Pd/HM上的异构化反应中的温度影响以及Pt/Al_2O_3的失活特性。C_6烷烃转化的脉冲量关系和产物分布表明,在HM上的加氢裂化是双分子反应,而在氢压不变的条件下,异构化反应是单分子反应。此外,对异构化反应中生成2,2-二甲基丁烷来说,Pd/HM比Pt/HM的选择性要高。     

临清坳陷莘县凹陷油气勘探远景评价

对莘县凹陷的构造、沉积、盆地模拟及油气勘探远景等进行了深入研究。结果表明,该凹陷具有浅、中、深３个勘探层次,浅层馆陶组和沙一段以储集次生油及低成熟油气为主;中层沙二段、沙三段以自生自储型油藏为主;深层孔二段以储集高成熟油气、石炭－二迭系以煤成气为主。此地区有着极广阔的勘探远景。