认同危机视阈下沈从文湘西怀旧世界的营造

在对如何从历史中找到归属感,保持过去与未来连续性问题的思考的认同危机的视阈中,沈从文把湘西当作中国现代化进程中拥有独特历史文化资源的地域,当成满足人的依附感和归宿感的永远家园,通过对湘西怀旧世界的具象诠释,传达出了历史长河之中的人们的哀乐努力和命运,同时也展示了他在一个变更了的社会语境中重新确认自己、把握自己、从而把握世界的动态过程,蕴蓄着他对五四扁蒙的思考以及民族重建这一宏大意旨.     

一种适用于混合双极直流输电的纵联方向保护方法

直流输电线路通常是以大电感和直流滤波器作为边界,故障行波在边界发生折射和反射时,其行波能量也会因为电感和滤波器的存在而被吸收,导致区内、外高频行波能量产生差异.当故障发生为正方向故障时,其高频前行波能量小于高频反行波能量;当故障发生为反方向故障时,其高频前行波能量大于高频反行波能量.由此特征提出了一种基于前、反行波高频能量差异的纵联方向保护,该保护采用小波包变换提取行波的高频能量,利用前行波与反行波在区内故障和区外故障时的高频能量差异判别故障.仿真结果表明,该保护能快速准确地识别故障,并且不受故障类型、过渡电阻以及故障发生位置距离和噪声的影响,具有一定的实用性.     

基于Pathfinder和虚拟现实的民用机库应急疏散仿真

为了预防机库火灾严重威胁人们的生命安全,且为火灾疏散研究提供更好的实验平台,本文基于Pathfinder建立大型民用机库的疏散仿真模型,根据真实人体参数设置人员性别、身高、肩宽、移动速度等属性,通过计算机模拟得出人员疏散路径和疏散时间,并参照Pathfinder模拟结果选用Unity3D引擎进行虚拟现实环境搭建、交互设计和Agent模型的构建,开发机库虚拟现实应急疏散仿真系统。在群体疏散模拟子模块中模拟8种不同起火位置的疏散情况,并在单人疏散演练子模块中,邀请10位测试者,在机库虚拟环境中选取6个不同的初始位置,进行了5轮疏散测试,结果表明：虚拟现实环境中的模拟结果与Pathfinder模拟结果接近,验证了虚拟现实疏散仿真系统模拟的有效性;单人疏散演练中测试者经过两到三轮练习,疏散时间明显缩短并趋于稳定,验证虚拟现实疏散演练系统可帮助用户提升应急疏散能力。     

软黏土基坑开挖诱发邻近桥梁桩基的时变响应

利用PLAXIS 3D软件和软土蠕变模型,建立某市政道路下穿市域铁路桥梁基坑工程的三维数值模型,通过与实测数据的对比验证模型的合理性. 将软土蠕变模型退化为软土模型,考虑桩顶约束条件,对比分析桥梁群桩的时效水平响应. 结合两阶段法,将数值计算得到的土体自由场时变沉降作为“外荷载”作用于桩基,利用考虑桩土往返剪切的荷载传递方法,计算桩身自重、桩顶荷载和后续近接工程基坑开挖作用下桩基的竖向力学响应. 结果表明：1）土体蠕变对邻近桥梁群桩变形、内力的影响较大,甚至不亚于墙体瞬时变形的影响;2）桥梁群桩桩身的变形、内力与离开坑壁的距离呈负相关,并表现出群桩的遮帘作用,桩顶的变形、内力则由桩顶约束条件决定;3）对于桩顶承受荷载不大以及后续受近接工程基坑开挖扰动不大的深厚软弱地层中的桥桩桩基,在以桩顶变形为控制目标时,存在合理桩径和合理桩长.     

求解约束优化问题的一种新的进化算法

针对约束优化问题引入半可行域的概念, 提出竞争选择的新规则, 并改进了基于竞争选择和惩罚函数的进化算法的适应度函数; 结合粒子群优化（PSO）算法本身的特点, 设计了选择算子对半可行域进行操作, 从而得到一个利用PSO算法求解约束优化问题的新的进化算法. 实验证明了算法的有效性.     

Wolves in sheep’s clothing: three new cases of aggressive mimicry in Red Sea coral reef fishes

ABSTRACT

Here we document three cases of mimicry in coral reef fishes not previously reported in the literature involving two groupers (Epinephelus leucogrammicus and Plectropomus marisrubri) and a soapfish (Diploprion drachi) as mimics, and two wrasses (Larabicus quadrilineatus and Cheilinus quinquecinctus) and a blenny (Meiacanthus nigrolineatus) as models. All three cases are of aggressive mimicry, with a predatory species mimicking a harmless one, and in one of the cases, the mimicry is also Müllerian, where both the predator and harmless species are unpalatable.     

国内大学出版社客户投诉处理工作探析

通过对中国大学出版社客户投诉处理工作的抽样调查,分析了大学出版社客户投诉处理工作中的问题以及开展这项工作的现实意义,提出了大学出版社客户投诉处理的对策。     

Programmable and autonomous computing machine made of biomolecules.

Devices that convert information from one form into another according to a definite procedure are known as automata. One such hypothetical device is the universal Turing machine, which stimulated work leading to the development of modern computers. The Turing machine and its special cases, including finite automata, operate by scanning a data tape, whose striking analogy to information-encoding biopolymers inspired several designs for molecular DNA computers. Laboratory-scale computing using DNA and human-assisted protocols has been demonstrated, but the realization of computing devices operating autonomously on the molecular scale remains rare. Here we describe a programmable finite automaton comprising DNA and DNA-manipulating enzymes that solves computational problems autonomously. The automaton's hardware consists of a restriction nuclease and ligase, the software and input are encoded by double-stranded DNA, and programming amounts to choosing appropriate software molecules. Upon mixing solutions containing these components, the automaton processes the input molecule via a cascade of restriction, hybridization and ligation cycles, producing a detectable output molecule that encodes the automaton's final state, and thus the computational result. In our implementation 1012 automata sharing the same software run independently and in parallel on inputs (which could, in principle, be distinct) in 120 microl solution at room temperature at a combined rate of 109 transitions per second with a transition fidelity greater than 99.8%, consuming less than 10-10 W.     

Superconductivity in CaCuO2 as a result of field-effect doping.

Understanding the doping mechanisms in the simplest superconducting copper oxide-the infinite-layer compound ACuO2 (where A is an alkaline earth metal)-is an excellent way of investigating the pairing mechanism in high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors more generally. Gate-induced modulation of the carrier concentration to obtain superconductivity is a powerful means of achieving such understanding: it minimizes the effects of potential scattering by impurities, and of structural modifications arising from chemical dopants. Here we report the transport properties of thin films of the infinite-layer compound CaCuO2 using field-effect doping. At high hole- and electron-doping levels, superconductivity is induced in the nominally insulating material. Maximum values of Tc of 89 K and 34 K are observed respectively for hole- and electron-type doping of around 0.15 charge carriers per CuO2. We can explore the whole doping diagram of the CuO2 plane while changing only a single electric parameter, the gate voltage.