Process development for the direct solvent extraction of nickel and cobalt from nitrate solution: aluminum,cobalt, and nickel separation using Cyanex 272

A direct solvent extraction (DSX) process for purifying nickel and cobalt from the nitric acid leach solution of nickel laterite ores was conceived and experimentally probed. The proposed process consists of two solvent extraction (SX) steps but with only one extractant-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272)-used in both steps. The first extraction step involved the removal of aluminum and zinc, whereas the second extraction step involved the separation of cobalt along with manganese from nickel. The experimental results showed essentially quantitative removal of aluminum (>97%) and zinc (>99%) in a single extraction stage using 20vol% Cyanex 272 at pH 2.1. Some cobalt (32%) and manganese (55%) were co-extracted but were easily scrubbed out completely from the loaded organic phase using dilute sulfuric acid at pH ≤ 1.38. Cobalt and manganese in the first extraction raffinate were extracted completely in four extraction stages at staggered pH values of 4.0, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.0 in the first, second, third, and fourth stages, respectively, using also 20vol% Cyanex 272. A small amount of nickel (up to 6.6%) was co-extracted but was easily scrubbed out completely with dilute sulfuric acid at pH 2.0. A flow diagram showing the input and output conditions and the metals separated under the deduced optimum conditions is presented.     

Structure of an unliganded simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 core

Envelope glycoproteins of human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) undergo a series of conformational changes when they interact with receptor (CD4) and co-receptor on the surface of a potential host cell, leading ultimately to fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Structures of fragments of gp120 and gp41 from the envelope protein are known, in conformations corresponding to their post-attachment and postfusion states, respectively. We report the crystal structure, at 4 A resolution, of a fully glycosylated SIV gp120 core, in a conformation representing its prefusion state, before interaction with CD4. Parts of the protein have a markedly different organization than they do in the CD4-bound state. Comparison of the unliganded and CD4-bound structures leads to a model for events that accompany receptor engagement of an envelope glycoprotein trimer. The two conformations of gp120 also present distinct antigenic surfaces. We identify the binding site for a compound that inhibits viral entry.     

一类指数族的线性容许估计的充分条件

本文采用Bayes法.讨论一类各分量是相互独立的参数的指数族分布,在平方损失下,对参数g（θ）=（g_1（θ_1）,g_2（θ_2）,…,g（θ））＇得到了一个容许线性估计的充分条件。     

Risk premia and long rates in Ireland

Using a number of long‐term maturities and monthly data, 1989–1997, we provide a number of tests of the expectations hypothesis (EH) of the term structure. The main insight in this paper is the use of the excess holding period return to provide a proxy for a possible time‐varying term premium. Nearly all previous studies using the VAR methodology have used only the spread and the change in (short) rates and they have ignored the excess holding period return. We find that we cannot reject the EH, but we do reject the presence of time‐varying risk premia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长期参与有氧运动大学生执行功能相关脑网络特征

本研究旨在探索长期参与有氧运动的男性大学生执行功能相关脑网络的特征,并与静坐少动的对照组进行比较。收集15名规律参与有氧运动的男性大学生以及15名静坐少动对照组男性大学生脑结构及静息态功能磁共振成像数据。使用度中心度和独立成分分析两种方法评价脑网络特征：计算并提取14个执行功能相关脑区度中心度值（degree centrality, DC）,采用独立成分分析方法（independent component analysis, ICA）提取四个与执行功能相关的脑网络成分。组间对比发现：1）有氧运动组双侧后扣带回皮层以及双侧海马区度中心度水平显著高于静坐少动组（p < 0.05）,而静坐少动组右侧顶下小叶度中心度水平显著高于有氧运动组（p < 0.05）;2）有氧运动组在默认网络、背侧注意网络及腹侧注意网络均有脑区激活高于静坐少动组,峰值分别出现在右颞下回、颞极以及左腹侧后扣带回（AlphaSim校正,p < 0.001）;而静坐少动组腹侧注意网络在左侧在壳核高于有氧运动组（AlphaSim校正,p < 0.001）。研究结果表明：长期参与有氧运动的大学生,其执行功能相关脑网络激活模式优于静坐少动大学生,而这种差异主要是通过增加海马和后扣带回皮层而不是额叶皮层在脑网络中的重要性来实现的。     

2—羟基—4—仲辛基—二苯甲酮肟与HEHEHP对钯的协同萃取

研究了２羟基４仲辛基二苯甲酮肟（Ｎ５３０）与２乙基已基２乙基已基膦酸（ＨＥＨＥＨＰ）的氯仿溶液,从高氯酸介质中对钯的协同萃取。采用斜率法确定萃合物的组成为：Ｌ·Ｐｄ·Ａ。协萃反应平衡常数为ｇ Ｋ１２＝ １６５８,协同萃取配合物的生成常数为β１２＝ １７４。计算了协同萃取反应的热力学函数值     

Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glial cells of the central nervous system, maintain long-term axonal integrity. However, the underlying support mechanisms are not understood. Here we identify a metabolic component of axon-glia interactions by generating conditional Cox10 (protoheme IX farnesyltransferase) mutant mice, in which oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells fail to assemble stable mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX, also known as mitochondrial complex IV). In the peripheral nervous system, Cox10 conditional mutants exhibit severe neuropathy with dysmyelination, abnormal Remak bundles, muscle atrophy and paralysis. Notably, perturbing mitochondrial respiration did not cause glial cell death. In the adult central nervous system, we found no signs of demyelination, axonal degeneration or secondary inflammation. Unlike cultured oligodendrocytes, which are sensitive to COX inhibitors, post-myelination oligodendrocytes survive well in the absence of COX activity. More importantly, by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, brain lactate concentrations in mutants were increased compared with controls, but were detectable only in mice exposed to volatile anaesthetics. This indicates that aerobic glycolysis products derived from oligodendrocytes are rapidly metabolized within white matter tracts. Because myelinated axons can use lactate when energy-deprived, our findings suggest a model in which axon-glia metabolic coupling serves a physiological function.     

利用PowerBuilder开发露天矿技术咨询子系统

论述了如何利用ＰｏｗｅｒＢｕｉｌｄｅｒ开发一个比较通用的技术咨询子系统，对数据的插入、修改、删除、存储、查询及打印功能的技术问题进行了研究，在面向对象的开发方式下，充分考虑数据共享、数据的可移植性，以优化系统性能。