Peat depth of Sierra Nevada fens, and profile changes from 1958 to 1972 in Mason Fen

Peat cores along transects of seven minerotrophic peatlands (fens) in the Sagehen Creek basin were made in 1972. The areas were all shallow, sloping peatlands from 67 to 206 cm in maximum depth. Cores from one fen contained layers of charcoal and clay that suggested fire followed by fen regeneration. Profiles from Mason Fen suggested that the peat mass was moving downslope, creating splits and ridges with surface pools at right angles to the slope. Comparison of a profile made in 1958 with 1972 showed further evidence of downslope mass movement and expansion of the surface area.     

Mediators of vascular remodelling co-opted for sequential steps in lung metastasis

Metastasis entails numerous biological functions that collectively enable cancerous cells from a primary site to disseminate and overtake distant organs. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand epiregulin, the cyclooxygenase COX2, and the matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, when expressed in human breast cancer cells, collectively facilitate the assembly of new tumour blood vessels, the release of tumour cells into the circulation, and the breaching of lung capillaries by circulating tumour cells to seed pulmonary metastasis. These findings reveal how aggressive primary tumorigenic functions can be mechanistically coupled to greater lung metastatic potential, and how such biological activities may be therapeutically targeted with specific drug combinations.     

皖西震旦纪冰成岩岩石学研究

本文系地矿部项目《苏皖北部上前寒武系研究》的部分成果并进一步深化而成,对著名的皖西凤台组砾岩进行了系统的岩石学研究,通过多方法,多因素综合研究,得出“凤台组属冰成岩”的结论,但又有它自身的特殊性,文中对此作了深入的论证并提出若干新的见解。     

重塑晋南——论山西生产力发展的区域战略大转移

非平衡发展是落后地区的成功发展战略，这种战略的关键则在于新增长区的选择．山西具有建设现代城市群的盆地唯有太原和晋南本文论述了选择晋南做为实施非平衡发展战略的新区优势．     

Subjective confidence in forecasts

Forecasts have little value to decision makers unless it is known how much confidence to place in them. Those expressions of confidence have, in turn, little value unless forecasters are able to assess the limits of their own knowledge accurately Previous research has shown very robust patterns in the judgements of individuals who have not received special training in confidence assessment: Knowledge generally increases as confidence increases. However, it increases too swiftly, with a doubling of confidence being associated with perhaps a 50 per cent increase in knowledge. With all but the easiest of tasks, people tend to be overconfident regarding how much they know These results have typically been derived from studies of judgements of general knowledge. The present study found that they also pertained to confidence in forecasts. Indeed, the confidence-knowledge curves observed here were strikingly similar to those observed previously. The only deviation was the discovery that a substantial minority of judges never expressed complete confidence in any of their forecasts. These individuals also proved to be better assessors of the extent of their own knowledge Apparently confidence in forecasts is determined by processes similar to those that determine confidence in general knowledge. Decision makers can use forecasters assessments in a relative sense, in order to predict when they are more and less likely to be correct. However, they should be hesitant to take confidence assessments literally. Someone is more likely to be right when he or she is ‘certain’than when he or she is ‘fairly confident’; but there is no guarantee that the certain forecast will come true.     

一阶微分方程y′＝（y—x~2）~（－1）初值问题的一种数值解法

在利用福克绕射公式计算地面波传播衰减时，为确定其中的计算参数，需求解微分方程ｙ′＝（ｙ—ｘ２）－１的初值问题。本文提出一种新的数值计算方法来求解这一微分方程数值解。实际数值计算结果表明，同文献［１］中指出的泰勒展开近似计算方法相比，本方法具有推导简单、计算速度快及计算精度高等优点，并可处理一类相似的微分方程。