全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24593篇 |
免费 | 664篇 |
国内免费 | 97篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 1150篇 |
丛书文集 | 175篇 |
教育与普及 | 78篇 |
理论与方法论 | 352篇 |
现状及发展 | 8744篇 |
研究方法 | 957篇 |
综合类 | 13647篇 |
自然研究 | 251篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 770篇 |
2017年 | 769篇 |
2016年 | 488篇 |
2012年 | 617篇 |
2011年 | 1570篇 |
2010年 | 953篇 |
2009年 | 558篇 |
2008年 | 956篇 |
2007年 | 1257篇 |
2006年 | 469篇 |
2005年 | 556篇 |
2004年 | 681篇 |
2003年 | 622篇 |
2002年 | 558篇 |
2001年 | 475篇 |
2000年 | 509篇 |
1999年 | 349篇 |
1994年 | 309篇 |
1992年 | 273篇 |
1991年 | 229篇 |
1990年 | 282篇 |
1989年 | 258篇 |
1988年 | 262篇 |
1987年 | 284篇 |
1986年 | 292篇 |
1985年 | 343篇 |
1984年 | 237篇 |
1983年 | 266篇 |
1982年 | 222篇 |
1981年 | 214篇 |
1980年 | 249篇 |
1979年 | 523篇 |
1978年 | 445篇 |
1977年 | 398篇 |
1976年 | 316篇 |
1975年 | 390篇 |
1974年 | 478篇 |
1973年 | 430篇 |
1972年 | 435篇 |
1971年 | 569篇 |
1970年 | 617篇 |
1969年 | 533篇 |
1968年 | 534篇 |
1967年 | 464篇 |
1966年 | 409篇 |
1965年 | 296篇 |
1958年 | 323篇 |
1957年 | 253篇 |
1956年 | 202篇 |
1955年 | 200篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
181.
H. Yamagishi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(6):583-586
The heart beat of early juveniles of the littoral isopodLigia exotica occurred at a frequency of 250 to 350/min, associated with rhythmic activity of the heart muscle. Each burst was composed of a slow depolarizing potential with superimposed spike potentials. The spike potential was eliminated by perfusion with TTX-containing or Na+-free saline. In TTX-saline, the slow potential was unchanged in frequency and amplitude. By current injection into the heart muscle, the rhythm of the slow potential was phase-shifted and its frequency was changed in a membrane potential-dependent manner. These results show that the heart ofLigia early juveniles acts as an endogenous muscle oscillator generating oscillatory slow potentials and Na+-dependent spikes. 相似文献
182.
Antioxidant survey to assess antagonism to redox stress using a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic system
H. Baker B. DeAngelis O. Frank M. Khalil S. H. Hutner E. R. Baker 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(6):597-599
Using a prokaryote (Escherichia coli) and a metazoa-resembling eukaryote (Ochromonas danica), we surveyed antioxidants which might overcome redox stress imposed by menadione sodium bisulphite (MD) and buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). BSO oxidant stress was evident only inO. danica; MD oxidant stress was evident in both organisms. Glutathione, its precursors, e.g. cysteine, homocysteine, and 2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid, and red blood cells, emerged as prime antioxidants for relieving BSO and MD oxidant stress. BSO and MD oxidant activity and antioxidant-annulling effect inO. danica were judged comparable to those found in animal cells whereas the resultsE. coli were not entirely equivalent. TheO. danica system emerged as a practical, rapid, and useful system for pinpointing oxidant stressors and antioxidants, and shows promise for studies with mammalian systems. 相似文献
183.
E. S. Fiala R. S. Sodum M. Bhattacharya H. Li 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(9):922-926
Reaction with peroxynitrite at pH 7.4 and 37°C was found to increase the 8-oxodeoxyguanosine levels in calf thymus DNA 35-38-fold. This oxidation of deoxyguanosine, as well as the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine to 3-nitrotyrosine, was significantly inhibited by ascorbic acid, glutathione and (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic antioxidant present in tea. For 50% inhibition of the oxidation of deoxyguanosine to 8-oxodeoxyguanosine, 1.1, 7.6 of 0.25 mM ascorbate, glutathione or (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, respectively, was required. For 50% inhibition of tyrosine nitration, the respective concentrations were 1.4, 4.6 or 0.11 mM. Thus, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate is a significantly better inhibitor of both reactions than either ascorbate or glutathione. Reaction of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate with peroxynitrite alone resulted in the formation of a number of products. Ultraviolet spectra of two of these suggest that the tea polyphenol and/or its oxidation products are nitrated by peroxynitrite. 相似文献
184.
Associations with ants, termed myrmecophily, are widespread in the butterfly family Lycaenidae and range from mere co-existence to more or less specific mutualistic or even parasitic interactions. Secretions of specialized epidermal glands are crucial for mediating the interactions. Transfer of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids) from butterfly larvae to ants plays a major role, but manipulative communication with the help of odour signals is also involved. By means of myrmecophily, lycaenid butterflies largely escape ant predation, and certain species gain protection through attendant ants or achieve developmental benefits from ant-attendance. Benefits to the ants range from minimal to substantial food rewards. While most lycaenid species maintain facultative relationships with a variety of ant genera, highly specific and obligatory associations have convergently evolved in a number of butterfly lineages. As a corollary, communication systems are largely unspecific in the former, but may be highly specialized in the latter. The sophisticated communication between obligate myrmecophiles and their host ants is tightly connected with the evolutionary rise of specialized life-cycles and thus is a source of augmenting diversity within the butterflies. 相似文献
185.
Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
H. -V. Ulmer 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(5):416-420
Efferent motor signals to skeletal muscles concern not only the space/time pattern of motion, but also the setting of muscular performance and through this the control of the current metabolic rate. For an optimal adjustment of metabolic rate during heavy exercise — e.g. in athletic competitions — a feedback control system must exist, including a programmer that takes into consideration a finishing point (teleoanticipation). The presented experiments, using Borg's scale, indicate the existence and functioning of a system for optimal adjustment of performance during heavy exercise and the relevance of teleoanticipatory effects. Thus motor learning includes not only somatosensory control, but also metabolic control. With regard to migratory birds, such metabolic control would have to operate in the individual as well as in the migrating flock as a whole. 相似文献
186.
用子波变换分析方法实时监测视觉诱发电位的潜伏期 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
诱发电位的实时监测在临床中有重要意义。本文提出利用多分辨率子波分析技术来实时监测视觉诱发电位的潜伏期。为克服随机噪声的影响,我们引入相邻响应的相关系数来修正所检测得的潜伏期的偏移,并应用前一次响应的波峰位置来决定当前的搜寻范围。实验表明,本方法能实时监测视觉诱发电位的潜伏期。 相似文献
187.
本书全面介绍了数字通信系统的理论和实际应用方法,并且包含了在数字信号传输中需要运用的关于设计、实现和测试的最新方法和技术。此书介绍的基本技术有:纠错码、多路复用、数字调制、数字用户线路、电缆调制、移动无线网络、城域网和光纤网络。新的工业标准有:声音/视频编码、SONET/SDH、DWDM、ATM、宽带无线网、网络同步和网络管理。每一章节后都有评述和参考文献和大量习题(无答案)。 相似文献
188.
网络时代,电子信息资源已成为人们进行科学研究、商业活动和共享信息的重要手段,与此同时,网上侵权行为也时有发生。指出了电子信息资源的侵权形式,探讨了在版权法允许的范围内合法利用电子信息资源的有关问题。 相似文献
189.
介绍了一种新型的指纹识别装置(晶体传感器的指纹识别装置),并借此分析和研究了指纹识别系统的识别原理和设计方法,这些原理和方法对指导和优化指纹识别系统的设计提供了依据。 相似文献
190.
张新 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):49-50
知识管理是知识经济时代的一种全新的管理思想。阐述了高校图书馆在对自身实施知识管理时应注意的环节、存在的问题以及所要避免陷入的几个误区,并对未来的知识管理进行了展望。 相似文献