城市垃圾处理及综合利用的措施

垃圾是放错位置的资源，本就城市垃圾的处理分别论述了几种处理方式，就城市垃圾的综合利用提出了一些措施和建议。     

微波辐射合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以浓硫酸为催化剂，采用微波辐射技术，由间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯缩合制备7－羟基－4－4甲基香豆素。结果表明，微波辐射合成7－羟基－4－4甲基香豆素的最以应条件为：间苯二酚5.5g，乙酰乙酸乙酯6.8ml，浓硫酸1.5ml，微波功率240W，微波辐射时间6min，产率84．1％，不采用微波辐射，反应时间大于10h，产率78％，红外光谱分析表明，7－羟基－4－4甲基香豆素的特征峰与7－羟基－4－甲基香豆素的各官能团的吸收峰吻合，测定7－羟基－4－甲基香豆素的熔点为189－192℃。     

用GC/MS、GC分析中药前胡中白花前胡丙素、丁素和紫花前胡苷元

为快速鉴别中药白花前胡（Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.）和紫花前胡（Peucedanum decursinum Maxim.），用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS），气相色谱法（GC）分别定性，定量分析白花前胡丙素（Pd-1a），丁素（Pd-Ⅱ）和紫花前胡苷元（Nodakenetin），在白花前胡中检出白花前胡丙素（M/Z 386）和丁素（M/Z 426)，但未检出紫花前胡苷元，在紫花前胡中检出紫花前胡苷元（M/Z 246），但未检出白花前胡丙素和丁素，线性关系：YPd-1a=1.111XPd-1a 0.021(n=6 r=0.9995)，线性范围：0.175～1.919μg，YPd-Ⅱ=1.189XPd-Ⅱ-0.013(n=6 r=0.9996),线性范围：0.086～0.950μg。YNodakenetin=0.901XNodkenetin-0.024（n=6 r=0.9999），线性范围：0.089～1.062μg，回收率：白花前胡丙素97.29%，白花前胡丁素98.81%，紫花前胡苷元96.34%，分析结果表明，不同产地药材样品中各自特征成分含量不同，分析中未能找到白花前胡和紫花前胡苷元共有的相同的有效成分或指标性成分。表明可用GC/MS区分白花前胡和紫花前胡苷元，但未能用统一的化学对照品进行质量控制。     

二氧化氯在炼油循环水中的杀菌除泥作用

采用强氧化剂二氧化氯对炼油循环水进行杀菌灭藻、除垢和减缓腐蚀现场试验研究 ,且对试验结果进行了分析 .结果表明 :稳定性二氧化氯可有效控制炼油循环水中微生物量 ,加药量约 1mg/L ,2 4h后杀菌率达 10 0 % ;同时减少粘泥在热交换设备上的形成 ,有效除去污垢 ,使缓蚀剂发挥作用 ,腐蚀速率明显减小 (小于 0 .1mm /a) ,循环水浊度小于 10mg/L ;加药量小于 1mg/L时其对有机磷水稳定剂的影响小 .     

Timed bromocriptine administration reduces body fat stores in obese subjects and hyperglycemia in type II diabetics.

Obese postmenopausal female volunteers were given timed daily oral dosages of bromocriptine, and tested for reduction of body fat stores. This dopamine agonist has been shown to reset circadian rhythms that are altered in obese animals and to reduce body fat levels in several animal models. The participants were instructed not to alter their existing exercise and eating behavior during treatment. Skinfold measurements were taken on 33 subjects as indices of body fat. The measurements (e.g., suprailiac) were reduced after six weeks by about 25%, which represents a reduction of 11.7% of the total body fat. These dramatic decreases in body fat, which are equivalent to that produced by severe caloric restriction, were accompanied by more modest reductions of body weight (2.5%), indicating a possible conservation of protein that is usually lost as a consequence of such caloric restriction. The effects of bromocriptine treatment on body fat and hyperglycemia were also examined in non-insulin dependent diabetics being treated with oral hypoglycemics (7 subjects) or insulin (7 subjects). Total body fat was reduced by 10.7% and 5.1% in diabetics on oral hypoglycemics and insulin, respectively, without any significant reductions in body weight. Hyperglycemia was reduced in most of the 15 diabetic subjects treated leading to euglycemia and even cessation of hypoglycemic drugs in 3 of the 7 subjects during 4-8 weeks of bromocriptine treatment. These findings support the hypothesis that obesity and type II diabetes may be treated effectively with bromocriptine when administered at the proper times and dosages.     

处理钻井事故的专家系统

介绍了所研制的处理钻井事故的专家系统,经过井场事故实例检验表明,正确识别率与正确处理率较高。在现场使用一段时间之后,又进行了修改与完善,增加实时监测功能后,它将成为处理现场事故的有力工具。     

数据加密的密码体制与DES算法

本文论述了保密通信中数据加密的密码体制，并对各种体制地行了比较，指出其优劣，重点论述了数据加密标准ＤＥＳ的算法和特点．     

废热锅炉盘管的非正常损伤

By using optical microstructure(OM), X-ray diffractometer analyses and mechanical properties testing, the abnormal damage of pipe coil in remaining heat boiler has been investigated. The damage is the result of the melting of tube base metal at high temperature caused by the ignition inside the tube.     

Exponential smoothing: Behavior of the ex-post sum of squares near 0 and 1

When using simple exponential smoothing on a given time series the nature of the relationship between the optimal smoothing constant and the autocorrelation structure of the series remains an unresolved question. Although numerical search routines can easily be used to find optimal values of the smoothing constant, they offer little insight into the nature of the relationship between the estimated smoothing constant and the structure of the underlying time series. We suggest that renewed investigations of the ex-post sum of squares function may prove helpful in this pursuit. Results are presented that illustrate how the optimal smoothing constant depends upon the value used to initialize the smoothing and upon the sample autocorrelation coefficients of the observed series. These results are based on a new formula for the derivative of the ex-post sum of squares function. In particular, the derivative is examined near 0 and 1, where great simplifications occur in its form, thereby facilitating investigations near these points. A necessary and sufficient condition is stated for when the ex-post sum of squares must have a positive derivative at 0 and the autocorrelation coefficients of the differenced series are shown to affect the sign of the derivative near 1. Based on these results, a general algorithm is presented as an alternative to grid search routines for minimizing the ex-post sum of squares.