Reproductive biology of two species of Hyalella Smith, 1874 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) from southern Brazil

Reproduction is a critical event in the life cycle of animals, and a high amount of energy is allocated to it. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive biology of two recently described species of Hyalella from the north-east region of state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. The specimens were collected during 12 months from a stream source (Hyalella georginae) and from a water reservoir (H. gauchensis), in Palmeira das Missões municipality, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Upon sampling, ovigerous females and pairs in precopulatory behaviour were separated into microtubes. In the laboratory, the cephalothorax length (CL in mm) of all specimens was measured. Male size at onset of sexual maturity was larger than that of the females, in both species. There was a correlation between the size of paired males and females: larger males carried larger females, in both Hyalella species. Precopulatory pairs were found throughout the year; however, H. georginae had a higher frequency in spring, and H. gauchensis in autumn. There was a positive correlation between the CL of ovigerous females and the number of eggs/juveniles. A reduction in the number of eggs throughout the embryonic development was observed in H. georginae. The average fecundity of H. georginae was significantly higher than H. gauchensis. The differences between the reproductive biology of these species may be related to the physical and environmental conditions at which they are exposed in their habitats.     

Heterospecific mating between distantly related species of stink bugs and its evolutionary implications

The copulatory process in animals is preceded by a series of integrated communication processes which are often under selection to guarantee species-specific courtship and copula. However, individuals of species supposedly in reproductive isolation frequently copulate in nature, which has sparked the attention of evolutionary biologists for decades. While studies on this topic have strongly focused on recently diverged species or populations, few instances of heterospecific copula between distantly related species are known. Here we report an intriguing case of interspecific copula between two distantly related species of stink bugs in nature. We replicated this observation in laboratory conditions and revealed an asymmetric relation: males of Chinavia obstinata copulated with females of C. erythrocnemis but the reverse combination did not occur. We propose a series of hypotheses to explain our observations in the light of the current knowledge on mate recognition and reproductive isolation in stink bugs, considering the potential pre- and postcopulatory barriers involved. Once these two species have probably evolved in allopatry and contacted secondarily, the absence of directional selection against mating signals differentiation is a probable process. We argue that similarities in genital shape and size, most likely a result of convergent evolution, may have played a fundamental role in guaranteeing that these species achieved proper coupling.     

Filamentous bodies in human glomerulonephritis

Filamentous bodies have been identified in the glomerular cells of human kidney biopsies. These structures have a close morphological resemblance to ciliary rootlets, although the cells of the glomerular tuft only occasionally bear cilia. Their significance could be, as for cilia, of a cellular disdifferentiation of a pathological cellular proliferation.     

蠕变条件下PMMA银纹损伤的实验研究

采用显微技术对商聚物蠕变条件下的银纹损伤引发和扩展进行了实时观测，通过对PMMA试件银纹损伤面密度的测量，得到了PMMA试件在不同时间和不同应力水平下的银纹损伤面密度，并给出了PMMA试件银纹损伤面密度随时间和应力的变化规律。     

英语写作中的主要干扰因素——汉语词语及句法

在导致英语写作时出现言语错误的各因素中母语的影响居为首位。而汉语对英语写作的干扰中以汉语的词语及句法的干扰较为突出。应使学生主动适应英语思维，有意识地避免母语的负迁移，不断提高英语写作能力。     

接收相干处理算法的分析与评述

接收相干处理算法是磁控管脉冲振荡体制雷达实现动目标检测的关键。在分析几种接收相干处理算法的基础上 ,重点评述了它们的相干性、优缺点、适用性和实现的难易程度。总结了接收相干处理算法在磁控管脉冲振荡体制雷达应用中要注意的几个典型问题。指出了接收相干处理技术目前研究的难点和发展方向 ,这对接收相干处理算法的研究和应用具有积极意义。     

The effect of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on lipolysis in adipose tissue in vitro

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass Nikotinamid Adenin Dinukleotid (NAD) eine starke Hemmung auf die Lipolyse der Fettgewebe in vitro ausübt. Untersuchung der antilipolytischen Wirkung verschiedener Bestandteile des NAD ergab, dass für die Hemmungswirkung die Gegenwart des Adenosins, nicht aber die der Nikotinsäure notwendig ist.     

Condensation reactions of formyl- and acetyl-ferrocene

Riassunto Si riferisce sulla applicazione delle reazioni di Reformatskii e di Wittig al formil- e all'acetil-ferrocene per preparare i corrispondenti acidi ferrocenilacrilici. Viene anche descritta la condensazione del formilferrocene col nitrometano.     

利用Ti-IrO2阳极在硝酸盐介质中电沉积MnO2

利用X射线衍射和电化学工作站表征了钛基二氧化铱(Ti-IrO2)电极的相结构及电化学性能,确定了将其作为阳极在硝酸盐介质中电沉积MnO2的最佳条件,并对所得电解MnO2进行了质量分析.研究结果表明:Ti-IrO2电极在抗钝化性能和电催化活性方面都好于Ti电极,更有利于MnO2的沉积;当电沉积条件为Mn2+浓度06mol/L、HNO3浓度03mol/L、电解温度90℃、电流密度60A/m2时,MnO2的电流效率为9956%,电耗为5809kW·h/t,所得到的MnO2纯度符合电池工业电解MnO2的标准,其晶型为γ型.