Developing anti-neoplastic biotherapeutics against eIF4F

Biotherapeutics have revolutionized modern medicine by providing medicines that would not have been possible with small molecules. With respect to cancer therapies, this represents the current sector of the pharmaceutical industry having the largest therapeutic impact, as exemplified by the development of recombinant antibodies and cell-based therapies. In cancer, one of the most common regulatory alterations is the perturbation of translational control. Among these, changes in eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) are associated with tumor initiation, progression, and drug resistance in a number of settings. This, coupled with the fact that systemic suppression of eIF4F appears well tolerated, indicates that therapeutic agents targeting eIF4F hold much therapeutic potential. Here, we discuss opportunities offered by biologicals for this purpose.     

力触觉增强的虚拟现实工厂系统

现有虚拟现实工厂只能依靠头戴式显示器和手柄进行单向的视、听觉虚拟操作，难以进行双向的沉浸式触觉交互。针对此问题，采用力反馈控制器设计了一种力触觉增强的虚拟现实工厂系统。以Unity3D为基础，采用3DMax对工厂内多类型工具和零部件进行三维视觉建模，并通过反射探针、光照探针等组件进行立体化视觉增强。在此基础上，为虚拟空间物体增加刚体、碰撞体、关节等组件，建立虚拟空间的触觉反馈模型，实现了力反馈控制器与虚拟空间物体的实时触觉交互。实验表明：系统可提供重力、摩擦力、恒力等多种力触觉感知，支持对20余种工具、零部件的触摸、抓取等触感操作，能感受模型、轮廓以及质量等物理属性，实现了虚拟工厂中“视触听”多维立体化的沉浸式操作。     

A Simple Linear Regression Approach to Modeling and Forecasting Mortality Rates

Observing that a sequence of negative logarithms of 1‐year survival probabilities displays a linear relationship with the sequence of corresponding terms with a time lag of a certain number of years, we propose a simple linear regression to model and forecast mortality rates. Our model assuming the linearity between two mortality sequences with a time lag each other does not need to formulate the time trends of mortality rates across ages for mortality prediction. Moreover, the parameters of our model for a given age depend on the mortality rates for that age only. Therefore, whether the span of the study ages with the age included is widened or shortened will not affect the results of mortality fitting and forecasting for that age. In the empirical testing, the regression results using the mortality data for the UK, USA and Japan show a satisfactory goodness of fit, which convinces us of the appropriateness of the linear assumption. Empirical illustrations further show that our model's performances of fitting and forecasting mortality rates are quite satisfactory compared with the existing well‐known mortality models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

WTI crude oil option implied VaR and CVaR: An empirical application

Using option market data we derive naturally forward‐looking, nonparametric and model‐free risk estimates, three desired characteristics hardly obtainable using historical returns. The option‐implied measures are only based on the first derivative of the option price with respect to the strike price, bypassing the difficult task of estimating the tail of the return distribution. We estimate and backtest the 1%, 2.5%, and 5% WTI crude oil futures option‐implied value at risk and conditional value at risk for the turbulent years 2011–2016 and for both tails of the distribution. Compared with risk estimations based on the filtered historical simulation methodology, our results show that the option‐implied risk metrics are valid alternatives to the statistically based historical models.     

从智慧城市到智慧区域——新的城市与区域发展模式

 信息技术的快速发展不仅推动了中微观层面上智慧城市的发展建设，在宏观概念上更是未来区域协调高效合作的核心驱动力。中国的智慧城市建设已经体现出由点到面、连片发展的态势，智慧区域建设是必然趋势。对国外智慧区域分析表明智慧区域建设的经验是：重视信息通信技术、注重创新、高效合作、人才培养等。建议国内智慧区域建设重视区域的范围多维化、合作效率高效化、教育与创新积极化、市民参与的多元化等。     

单片机原理与应用设计实验教学改革

针对单片机原理与应用设计实验教学存在的问题,提出实验教学改革措施。通过将Proteus仿真电路设计引入实验教学,提高学生嵌入式系统设计能力。通过设计实验课程知识地图、录制"微课"、设计仿真实验平台等教学资源建设,对实验课教学进行有效支撑,提高学生学习兴趣。此外,改革了课程考核方式,通过成绩杠杆实现对学生的多样性引导,激发学生自主学习积极性。经过两年实践证明,上述实验教学改革措施取得了较好效果。     

Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Calorie restriction extends lifespan and produces a metabolic profile desirable for treating diseases of ageing such as type 2 diabetes. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is a principal modulator of pathways downstream of calorie restriction that produce beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic SIRT1 activator, mimics the anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction in lower organisms and in mice fed a high-fat diet ameliorates insulin resistance, increases mitochondrial content, and prolongs survival. Here we describe the identification and characterization of small molecule activators of SIRT1 that are structurally unrelated to, and 1,000-fold more potent than, resveratrol. These compounds bind to the SIRT1 enzyme-peptide substrate complex at an allosteric site amino-terminal to the catalytic domain and lower the Michaelis constant for acetylated substrates. In diet-induced obese and genetically obese mice, these compounds improve insulin sensitivity, lower plasma glucose, and increase mitochondrial capacity. In Zucker fa/fa rats, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrate that SIRT1 activators improve whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. Thus, SIRT1 activation is a promising new therapeutic approach for treating diseases of ageing such as type 2 diabetes.     

微束X射线荧光分析谱仪及其对松针中元素的分布分析

介绍了一种小型的微束X射线荧光分析谱仪,它是由导管X光透镜和能量色散X射线荧光分析谱仪组成.谱仪具有较高的空间分辨率和能量分辨率.使用本谱仪对松树针叶进行了微区分析,得出各种元素沿松针长度方向和横切面径向的分布规律.结果表明使用X光透镜的微束X射线荧光分析方法可以实现植物样品的微区分析,有助于进一步了解植物的生长与元素迁移的关系.     

几种光产酸剂产酸效率的测定

溴酚兰水溶液的紫外吸收会随着体系中含酸的量发生变化,在440 nm吸收峰处一定浓度范围内溴酚兰水溶液的吸光度与溶液中酸浓度成正比,可由此测定酸浓度.用这种方法测定了3种不同类型的光产酸剂在聚乙二醇膜层中在低压汞灯(254 nm)照射下的产酸量.其中三嗪光产酸剂的光照产酸能力最强.     

关于弱半素理想的一些研究

主要给出了弱半素理想的一些性质,证明了弱半素环的中心是约化环.