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Nam C. Nguyen Doug Graham Helen Ross Kambiz Maani Ockie Bosch 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2012,29(1):14-29
This paper describes an approach to teaching systems thinking and associated capacity building for a team of professionals and managers from a developing country (Vietnam), engaged in the sustainable management of a world biosphere reserve. Vietnamese environmental and development managers and UNESCO were attracted to a systems approach to managing the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve because it offered a way to address components of sustainability holistically, while transcending organisational and disciplinary ‘silos’. Key features of the training approach include learning as a group of professionals, with senior organisational support and commitment to apply systems approaches in the workplace; enjoyable adult learning approaches tailored to the needs of participants; complementing teaching of systems thinking and techniques with participatory methods for working with the participants in developing solutions to their sustainability issues; and building in evaluation at every stage, through participatory methods taught in the course. The paper highlights the importance of teaching systems thinking and provides an example curriculum and teaching strategy based on adult learning principles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ernesto C. Curiel‐Carias 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2013,30(1):76-85
Simultaneously satisfying human and environmental demands requires overarching concepts to facilitate the conciliation of such demands. These concepts are particularly necessary in certain regions where, as a result of rapid population growth, a large demand for housing impinges upon vital and sensitive ecosystems. The object of the present paper is to focus on the building concept in natural and rarely disturbed environments. Starting with the organizational logic that underlies living systems, this paper proposes a new hierarchical level of organization or hypothetical Kiron System (KS) that lies between the ecosystem and the human biosystem. The hypothetical system would serve to reconcile the requirements of both systems. From within this new hierarchical level, it is possible to extract the entire concept of the artificial sub‐system (the building) that would make such hypothetical system possible. Finally, the effects of this concept on the various functions of the building are analysed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In occupational therapy education in South Africa, community service (CS) focuses learning opportunities during fieldwork placements. CS therefore enabled the researcher to utilise successive small scale research projects to guide learning of students during fieldwork while simultaneously developing the occupational therapy service at a residential care facility. This community setting provided a powerful environment through which research, in combination with opportunities for reflection, contributed to nurturing skills needed by these future health professionals. A technical action research (AR) approach incorporated AR cycles and opportunities for structured reflection. Therefore situations were created for the students to embrace experiential learning. Experiential learning in the form of anticipatory reflection, reflection-in-action, reflection on reflection and retrospective reflection impacted on the quality of the students’ work. Besides encouraging unique leaning opportunities for students when engaging in research during their fieldwork placement, engagement in AR cycles simultaneously improved service delivery to residents in the facility. Key benefits of this investigation were that fieldwork education utilising AR cycles within a CS situation promoted students to identify voids in their theoretical background as well as practice skills; to apply reflective practice that could contribute to their personal and professional development; and to utilize learning opportunities optimally. Despite positive gains showed by this study, the role of power relations between the researcher as fieldwork educator and the students prohibited the AR cycles from being more emancipatory in nature and should be addressed in follow-up studies. 相似文献
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The engineering discipline of systems engineering was developed as means to address the design, implementation and operation of large, complex technical systems. Whilst systems engineering includes methods for addressing the whole life‐cycle of the end product system, and processes for determining what should be made, it still reflects many aspects of the traditional engineering worldview. During the past decade or so, there has been a growing trend within the systems engineering community to appreciate that systems engineering has much wider concerns than just addressing the end product system, and properly encompasses the social aspects of the interaction of people with the end product system, and also the organizational system in which the development is done. Over this period, the framework of ideas that underpins systems engineering has also progressed from engineering science to a transdisciplinary position that incorporates many of the established systems approaches to management. In this paper, we examine the nature of contemporary systems engineering and conclude that systems engineering is a metamethodology for the development and evolution of large, socio‐technical systems. We argue that, as such, systems engineering is an appropriate methodology for any problem situation where the solution can be expected to involve a substantial technical component. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Although (the relevance of) stakeholder management receives considerable attention in literature, the problem of actual stakeholder identification is yet unresolved. This article analyses the potential contributions of critical systems thinking to solving this problem. Especially Ulrich's notion of boundary critique, by which he focuses on stakeholder roles and particularly the role of ‘the affected’, seems a fruitful contribution. By adapting the role definitions towards a project context, including project dynamics, and adding operating instructions, a method has been developed that can be used for actual stakeholder identification in organizational projects. This method is demonstrated on two projects. The results show that this adapted version of boundary critique, which in its original form mainly is used in the context of civil society, is also relevant in an organizational profit‐based context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Repair of wounds usually results in restoration of organ function, even if suboptimal. However, in a minority of situations,
the healing process leads to significant scarring that hampers homeostasis and leaves the tissue compromised. This scar is
characterized by an excess of matrix deposition that remains poorly organized and weakened. While we know much of the early
stages of the repair process, the transition to wound resolution that limits scar formation is poorly understood. This is
particularly true of the inducers of scar formation. Here, we present a hypothesis that it is the matrix itself that is a
primary driver of scar, rather than being simply the result of other cellular dysregulations. 相似文献