Estimating fertility rates using the ONS Longitudinal Study--what difference does the inclusion of non-continually resident members make?

Among datasets available for fertility research in England and Wales, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Longitudinal Study (LS) is unique in its construction and scale. The large number of individuals who are part of the study means that it is an important dataset for estimating fertility trends in England and Wales by age and parity. This article uses the LS to estimate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for England and Wales between 1991 and 2001. This necessitates great care to ensure that the exposure to risk of birth for female LS members is fully understood. To achieve this, two forms of residential history are defined - consistent cases where the residential information for the LS member is potentially complete for the whole decade and inconsistent cases where there is certainly some form of incompleteness in the residence information. By considering 'all consistent cases', that is both the continuously resident plus those who are not continuously resident but appear to have a complete residential history, we obtain ASFRs which are slightly lower than official statistics figures, but closer to these official figures than ASFRs produced when restricting the sample to LS members who remain continuously resident between 1991 and 2001. The fertility of those consistent cases who are not continuously resident is substantially higher than the rates of continuously resident cases.     

线粒体时钟需要校准

线粒体DNA出现突变比预期快的结论,推动了新的法医学程序,却增加了有关进化事件断代的困难。leql年俄罗斯人挖掘出并检验了西伯利亚一座葬有9具骨殖的坟墓。有人认为那是俄罗斯本代沙皇尼古拉二世和家人及待从的遗骸,他们是1918年被行刑队枪杀的。但是有两人失踪,所以没有人能完全确认遗骸身份。lop年做了DNA试验--期望能够较快地得到结论--使之不再增加新的难解之秘。沙皇线粒体的一些DNA一细胞内的细胞器都有自己的DNA与他还活着的亲属们的DNA并不十分相符。法医学专家们认为大多数人只有一种线粒体DNA（mtDNA）,但是沙皇却…     

Cell-like structures from simple molecules under simulated primitive earth conditions

Résumé Le sulfocyanate d'ammonium et l'aldéhyde formique, formés probablement au cours de l'évolution géochimique, fournissent les structures ressemblant à des cellules. La formation des ces structures, sous des conditions variables de concentration, est catalysée par les irradations UV. Ces formes protocellulaires expulsent leurs contenus vacuolaires et absorbent des matières colorantes. La transition de l'évolution géochimique aux protocellules semble être une étape admissible selon le résultat de nos expériences.

---

---

Supported by the National Research Council (Canada) Grant No. A-2528 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (PSU institutional grant). We thankR. Huyer for photographic assistance.     

Testing of LSD-25 and related compounds for possible effects on egg-laying capacity and egg-to-adult viability inDrosophila

Résumé On a injecté du LSD-25, de l'acide bromolysergique-diéthylamide et de l'acided-lysergique à desDrosophila pseudoobscura au troisième stade larvaire. Le LSD-25 n'affecte ni leur capacité de ponte, lorsqu'elles sont adultes, ni la viabilité (rapport numérique adultes/ufs) de leur progéniture. En revanche, la capacité de ponte est réduite tant par l'acide lysergique que par l'acide bromolysergique-diéthylamide, et ce dernier altère en outre la viabilité.     

Role of the pituitary in cyproheptadine-induced pancreatic beta-cell toxicity

Summary Hypophysectomized rats given cyproheptadine (40 mg/kg) for 10 days exhibited a loss of pancreatic immunoreactive insulin and ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of beta-cells. Sham-operated animals given cyproheptadine showed identical changes in pancreatic beta-cells except that cytoplasmic involvement progressed to the formation of large vacuoles. The pituitary is not directly involved with the cyproheptadine-induced depletion of pancreatic insulin but plays a role in the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by U. S. Public Health Service, grant GM 12675.