The determination of atmospheric phosphine in Ny-Ålesund

Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment. The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-Ålesund is reported in this paper. Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3–600.2 ng/m³, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean. The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79–1259 ng/m³ in colliery atmosphere at different altitudes and the maximum was found in the center of colliery. Emission fluxes of phosphine were different in various Arctic areas. Emission fluxes of phosphine from protected areas, with average concentration of 32.13±5.353 ng m^–2 h^–1, were higher than from other areas. And the flux of phosphine from ocean was lower.     

Chiral <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-formyl amino alcohol as Lewis basic organocatalyst for enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketimines

Easily accessible (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-formamidoethanol has been developed as an effective Lewis base catalyst in the enanti-oselective hydrosilylation of ketimines, affording high isolated yields (up to 94%) and moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 82% ee) for a broad range of ketimines.     

Entanglement dynamics and transfer in a double Jaynes-Cummings model

We study the entanglement dynamics for a double Jaynes-Cummings model where two entangled atoms A and B locally interact with independent cavities a and b, respectively, but there are no interactions between locations Aa and Bb. We point out that there exists a parameter range in which simultaneous pairwise entanglement sudden death (ESD) for remote parties, i.e. AB, ab, Ab and Ba, may occur. We show that during this simultaneous ESD period various multipartite entanglement can be created. Our results imply that the pairwise entanglement between two independent locations may be transferred into other multipartite forms which account for the correlations between the two independent locations.     

Enhanced calcification ameliorates the negative effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in the calcifying phytoplankter <Emphasis Type="Italic">Emiliania huxleyi</Emphasis>

The calcifying phytoplankton species,coccolithophores,have their calcified coccoliths around the cells,however,their physio-logical roles are still unknown.Here,we hypothesized that the coccoliths may play a certain role in reducing solar UV radiation(UVR,280-400 nm) and protect the cells from being harmed.Cells of Emiliania huxleyi with different thicknesses of the cocco-liths were obtained by culturing them at different levels of dissolved inorganic carbon and their photophysiological responses to UVR wer...     

Growth kinematics of fractal super snowflakes

Based on the recent research progress in fractal super fibers,the growth kinematics(or pattern kinematics) of(6+1) -circle fractal super fiber with snowflake-like cross section(abbreviated asfractal super snowflake) is explored.The following results are obtained.(1) The fractal super snowflake obeys simply the straight-line growth mode.(2) At a given movement,the growth speed of the snowflake distributes uniformly in space.At a given point in space,the growth speed decreases along with the time.(3) The grow...     

Effect of EGF1 peptides in directing nanoparticles to thrombi

In order to examine the effect of EGF1 peptides in directing nanoparticles to thrombi, the synthesized EGF1 peptide was conjugated to poly (ethyleneglycol)-poly (lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NP) to form EGF1-NP. A lipophilic fluorescent dye, coumarin-6, was incorporated into EGF1-NP so as to detect its loading and release capacity. The binding ability of EGF1-NP with TF-expressing cells was shown to be significantly higher than that of the non-conjugated NP. Following an intravenous administration, fluorescence was distributed along the vessel wall of the thrombosis regions in the model rats injected with coumarin-6-loaded EGF1-NP. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that EGF1-NP is a promising drug delivery system for targeting cerebral thrombi.     

Effects of typhoon Matsa on ionospheric TEC

The effects of typhoon Matsa on the ionosphere are studied by using GPS-TEC data observed at about 50 GPS stations.It is shown that the ionosphere has been already influenced and TEC tends to increase before the landing of Matsa,and the difference of TEC from its monthly median over the typhoon area is about 5 TECU.With the landing of Matsa,both the magnitude and the area of increased TEC decrease.One day after the landing of Matsa,TEC reaches its minimum and is lower than the monthly median.In comparison o...     

Progress on gecko-inspired micro/nano-adhesion arrays

Gecko’s excellent adhesion ability is thought to derive from van der Waals force generated between the millions of keratinous hairs/setae and the contact surface. Fabricating highly gecko-inspired foot-hair becomes one of the key technologies to realize the three-dimensional-obstacle-free motion of robot. Researchers have fabricated various gecko-like foot-hair arrays which have leaning, large end, and hierarchical structures. Those significant works are summarized and suggestions for future work are proposed in this paper.     

Dynamics of phytoplankton and picoplankton over a tidal cycle in a subtropical lagoon

The influences of a tidal cycle on the distribution of autotrophic plankton were investigated in a hyper-eutrophic lagoon designated as a scenic area. Results showed that the highest concentrations of picoplankton and phytoplankton were found in the middle and inner part of the lagoon, irrespective of the tides. The MDS result also revealed that phytoplankton communities, dominated by Ceratium furca, were similar among stations in the inner bay during both flood tides and ebb tides. The time series sampling results at the inlet-outlet channel revealed that almost the same amounts of phytoplankton and picoplankton were carried through the channel during flood and ebb tides, with no trend in nutrient fluctuations except for phosphate which had a net loss from the lagoon. The results showed that tidal cycles do not effectively flush away phytoplankton and picoplankton from the lagoon, and the blooming of phyto- and picoplankton is inevitable should the situation stay the same. Steps are needed to alleviate the eutrophication condition instead of depending on the natural process such as tidal cycle.     

I-doping of anodized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes using an electrochemical method

In order to obtain TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity, a cathode reduction was used to dope I⁷⁺ and I⁵⁺ into TiO₂ nanotubes of anodized Ti in C₂H₂O₄•2H₂O + NH₄F electrolyte. SEM images show that the anodization method integrated the preparation with the doping process, which for nonmetals-doping is advantageous to maintain the morphological integrity of TiO₂ nanotubes. I⁷⁺-I⁵⁺-doping enhances the UV response of TiO₂ and result in a red-shift. Under UV/visible irradiation, a I⁷⁺-I⁵⁺-doped sample (400°C) showed the highest I_ph and photocatalytic efficiency. A part of I^– in the I⁷⁺-I⁵⁺-doped sample is involved in the UV response, the red-shift and the higher I_ph.