Diurnal change in stature: effects of sleep deprivation in young men and middle-aged men

Sleep deprivation was associated with decreased stature and it blunted the normal 24-h rhythm in young and in middle-aged men. Loss in stature was regained during the first recovery night of sleep. The 24-h rhythm in height is not an endogenous circadian rhythm but depends upon the periods of recumbency over the sleep/wake cycle.     

Fibrillation of tropoelastin induced by proteoglycan

Summary Electrostatic interaction between tropoelastin, the native precursor of elastin, and proteoglycan results in tropoelastin fibrillation. The finding suggests a possible involvement of proteoglycans in elastogenesis.     

Fibrillation of tropoelastin induced by proteoglycan.

Electrostatic interaction between tropoelastin, the native precursor of elastin, and proteoglycan results in tropoelastin fibrillation. The finding suggests a possible involvement of proteoglycans in elastogenesis.     

用于万维网内容挖掘的图论技术

本书是由新加坡世界科技出版公司出版的《机器感知与人工智能》丛书的第62卷。图形是用来表示某些具有结构（即关系）信息的物体或系统的数据结构。图形应用于许多领域，从软件工程到人工智能。但是与最为流行的矢量模型相比，在机器学习中图形的利用则是有限的．但矢量模型未能捕获结构信息。     

带非齐次项和Sobolev-Hardy临界指数的奇异椭圆方程的多解

设2*=2(N α)(N-2 β),N≥3,是极限Sobolev指数,ΩRN是RN中的开子集.在f(x)∈Hβ-1满足合适的条件且f(x)≠0下,讨论了一个带非齐次项和Sobolev-Hardy临界指数的含权的椭圆型问题:{-div(|x|β▽u)=|x|αup*-1 εf(x),x∈Ω,u>0,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈Ω,,存在两个解u和-u在H01,,βp(Ω)中,且有u≥0,u-≥0对所有的f(x)≥0.值得注意的是,当f(x)=0时一般不成立.     

Intensity of sexual selection along the anisogamy-isogamy continuum

Research into the evolution of giant sperm has uncovered a paradox within the foundations of sexual selection theory. Postcopulatory sexual selection on males (that is, sperm competition and cryptic female choice) can lead to decreased sperm numbers by favouring the production of larger sperm. However, a decline in sperm numbers is predicted to weaken selection on males and increase selection on females. As isogamy is approached (that is, as investment per gamete by males approaches that by females), sperm become less abundant, ova become relatively less rare, and competition between males for fertilization success is predicted to weaken. Sexual selection for longer sperm, therefore, is expected to be self limiting. Here we examine this paradox in Drosophila along the anisogamy-isogamy continuum using intraspecific experimental evolution techniques and interspecific comparative techniques. Our results confirm the big-sperm paradox by showing that the sex difference in sexual selection gradients decreases as sperm size increases. However, a resolution to the paradox is provided when this finding is interpreted in concert with the 'opportunity for selection' and the 'opportunity for sexual selection'. Furthermore, we show that most of the variation in measures of selection intensity is explained by sperm length and relative investment in sperm production.     

Francis Galton’s regression towards mediocrity and the stability of types

A prevalent narrative locates the discovery of the statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean in the work of Francis Galton. It is claimed that after 1885, Galton came to explain the fact that offspring deviated less from the mean value of the population than their parents did as a population-level statistical phenomenon and not as the result of the processes of inheritance. Arguing against this claim, we show that Galton did not explain regression towards mediocrity statistically, and did not give up on his ideas regarding an inheritance process that caused offspring to revert to the mean. While the common narrative focuses almost exclusively on Galton’s statistics, our arguments emphasize the anthropological and biological questions that Galton addressed. Galton used regression towards mediocrity to support the claim that some biological types were more stable than others and hence were resistant to evolutionary change. This view had implications concerning both natural selection and eugenics. The statistical explanation attributed to Galton appeared later, during the biometrician-mutationist debate in the early 1900s. It was in the context of this debate and specifically by the biometricians, that the development of the statistical explanation was originally attributed to Galton.