Genetic polymorphisms and intrauterine development. Evidence of decreased heterozygosity in light-for-dates human newborn babies

Summary In 2 independent samples of low-birth-weight infants the proportion of females and homozygotes for a series of polymorphic systems was higher in light-for-dates than in preterm babies. The observation seems to give support to the hypothesis that homozygosity for normal polymorphisms may decrease in general intrauterine growth rate. Since it is known that survival rate is strongly related to birth weight, a correlation between growth retardation and homozygosity may have a major role in the maintenance of such polimorphisms.We thank Prof. L. Ginzburg for helpful comments.     

Lack of substrate specificity on the speed of amoeboid locomotion inNaegleria gruberi

Summary Comparison of locomotory rates ofNaegleria on glass, agar, plastic and fluorocarbon oil under a range of defined electrolyte concentrations showed the speed of amoeboid movement to be independent of the substrate's nature.Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Les Cooper for technical assistance, the Science Research Council for support and the 3M Company for the gift of FC75 oil.     

Influence of the enteric surface coat on the unidirectional flux of acetamide across the wall of rat small intestine

In vivo treatment of the jejunal mucosa with glycosidic enzymes seems to remove the enteric surface coat of the enterocyte. As a consequence, the mucosa-to-serosa unidirectional flux of acetamide increases remarkably. The glycocalyx probably represents a barrier to the diffusion of small hydrosoluble solutes.     

Spatial variation in response to odorants on the rat olfactory epithelium

We have measured the electro-olfactogram produced by four odorants, nicotine, i-pentyl acetate, i-pentanoic acid and cineole from twelve positions on an in vitro preparation of rat olfactory tissue. Each odorant shows a different pattern of response over the twelve positions which can be explained by differences in olfactory receptor populations between regions of the rat olfactory epithelium. The result for nicotine is further evidence that there are olfactory receptors which are stimulated by nicotine when it is presented as a vapour.     

An evidence for decrease of energy production in thiamine deficient failing rat heart

Résumé La combinaison des substrats — acides pyruvique et fumarique — inhibent le gonflement de mitochondries isolées du coeur de rat, en accord avec le maintien de l'intégrité de la structure mitochondriale par l'adénosine triphosphate produite. On constate la diminution successive de cette inhibition dans des rats déficients en thiamine, par suite du blocage au niveau de la décarboxylation pyruvique. De plus cette carence vitaminique provoque une décroissance graduelle du nombre des mitochondries dans le tissu cardiaque.

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Supported by the Grants H-4012 from the National Heart Institute and K62-3 from the Hospital Division, U.S. Public Health Service. We thank MissV. Meyer for the heart size deteminations.     

Glomerular and proximal tubular lesions due to inulin in rabbits,as seen by electron microscopy

Résumé La microscopie électronique a permis d'observer des lésions du glomérule et du tube proximal, après administration intraveineuse d'inuline chez les lapins: nombreux macrophages dans les anses glomérulaires, tuméfaction endothéliale, tuméfaction épithéliale avec soudure des pédicelles; nécrose des cellules épithéliales du tube proximal.La poursuite de cette étude devrait établir définitivement si l'emploi de l'inuline est contre-indiqué dans l'exploration fonctionnelle rénale.     

The effects of intraperitoneal adaptation to histamine on the anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig

Résumé Les cobayes adaptés à l'histamine par voie intrapéritonéale sont protégés contre le choc anaphylactique. Les mécanismes périphériques de la résistance sont discutés.     

Untersuchungen zum Wirkungsmechanismus von Chrysarobin und Dithranol (= Cignolin) bei Psoriasis. Hinweise für eine cytostatische Wirkung dieser Medikamente

Summary By comparative histochemical and clinical tests, it was shown that the therapeutic effect of dithranol in the treatment of psoriasis was not due to an unspecific oxydation-reduction reaction nor probably an inflammatory reaction in the skin. Dithranol was shown to be an effective cytostaticum by means of the regeneration test (utilizing the larva of theXenopus laevis). It can be surmised that chrysarobine, because of its analogous structure, has the same properties as dithranol.