标量FDTD法分析渐变折射率光波导模场分布

用标量时域有限差分法（Finite-differece Time-domain Method,FDTD法）分析了渐变折射率平面光波导中基模的模场分布情况，采用平面光波、球面光波、高斯光波等5种不同形态的光波激励同一波导，借助计算机进行数值求解，得到的光场分布图在光场传播达到稳定后完全相同，说明波导的模式与光波形态无关，只与波导结构和光波波长有关，结果表明该方法直观、精确、快速，并与解析法分析的结果一致。     

Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease.

A locus segregating with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mapped to chromosome 21, close to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Recombinants between the APP gene and the AD locus have been reported which seemed to exclude it as the site of the mutation causing familial AD. But recent genetic analysis of a large number of AD families has demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous. Families with late-onset AD do not show linkage to chromosome 21 markers. Some families with early-onset AD show linkage to chromosome 21 markers, but some do not. This has led to the suggestion that there is non-allelic genetic heterogeneity even within early onset familial AD. To avoid the problems that heterogeneity poses for genetic analysis, we have examined the cosegregation of AD and markers along the long arm of chromosome 21 in a single family with AD confirmed by autopsy. Here we demonstrate that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene. This mutation causes an amino-acid substitution (Val----Ile) close to the carboxy terminus of the beta-amyloid peptide. Screening other cases of familial AD revealed a second unrelated family in which this variant occurs. This suggests that some cases of AD could be caused by mutations in the APP gene.     

Observation of rare-earth segregation in silicon nitride ceramics at subnanometre dimensions

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics are used in numerous applications because of their superior mechanical properties. Their intrinsically brittle nature is a critical issue, but can be overcome by introducing whisker-like microstructural features. However, the formation of such anisotropic grains is very sensitive to the type of cations used as the sintering additives. Understanding the origin of dopant effects, central to the design of high-performance Si3N4 ceramics, has been sought for many years. Here we show direct images of dopant atoms (La) within the nanometre-scale intergranular amorphous films typically found at grain boundaries, using aberration corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. It is clearly shown that the La atoms preferentially segregate to the amorphous/crystal interfaces. First-principles calculations confirm the strong preference of La for the crystalline surfaces, which is essential for forming elongated grains and a toughened microstructure. Whereas principles of micrometre-scale structural design are currently used to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics, this work represents a step towards the atomic-level structural engineering required for the next generation of ceramics.     

基于生产链的企业环境绩效测度模型

提出企业绿色度的概念，分析企业绿色度指标设置的目的、原则与方法，并对企业生产链的各个环节设置指标体系，采用层次分析法进行赋权，建立企业绿色度的计量模型，考核企业的环境绩效。     

电厂远程专家分析平台的建立

提出了建立电厂远程专家分析平台的整体方案．合理构建了电厂远程实时运行数据库平台，基于此数据库平台，进行专业应用软件的开发．介绍了远程实时监视、远程经济性分析、远程仿真、远程故障诊断等专业软件的开发思路.     

甲醇-汽油混合燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响

通过汽油机燃用甲醇-汽油混合燃料（其中甲醇的体积分数为109／6，汽油的体积分数为90％，简称M10燃料）和汽油的对比试验，研究了M10燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响，并用气相色谱仪测量了尾气中的甲醇和甲醛排放．试验研究表明：汽油机燃用M10燃料对汽油机动力性影响不大，但汽油机有效热效率和燃油经济性提高，排温有所降低；CO和HC排放减少，NOx排放与燃用汽油时相当；甲醇和甲醛排放增加．排气经三效催化转化器后，CO、HC和NOx排放可以被控制在与常规汽油机排放相当的水平，甲醇和甲醛排放可以被控制在接近零排放的水平．     

Amplification of a gene coding for human T-cell differentiation antigen

Using previously isolated mouse L-cell transferents for the human T-cell differentiation antigen Leu-2, we now report the first example of spontaneous gene amplification for membrane antigens. The Leu-2 (or T8) antigen is normally expressed on T lymphocytes that have cytotoxic or suppressor functions. Cells of a Leu-2 transfected clone were stained with fluorescein-tagged monoclonal anti-Leu-2, and the brightest 0.1-0.3% of cells were viably separated using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). After growth of these selected cells, sorting and regrowth was repeated six times, resulting in a population of cells that, compared with the starting population, stains 40 times brighter for Leu-2 and whose DNA transforms 20 times more efficiently for Leu-2. In addition, these cells have 10- to 50-fold amplified human DNA sequences and numerous double minute chromosome fragments, a common indicator of gene amplication in mouse cells.     

幂律流体管内充分发展的对流换热分析

将非牛顿流体的动量方程、能量方程和幂律流体的本构方程相结合 ,建立了幂律流体管内流动和换热充分发展时的对流换热控制方程组 ,并在恒热流和恒壁温边界条件下分别对方程组进行了求解 ,得到了两种不同边界条件下的温度分布和无量纲对流换热系数 (Nu数 )的表达式。结果表明 ,幂律流体的流变指数对流体流动的影响要大于对换热的影响 ;在恒热流边界条件下 ,幂律流体的温度在管内沿轴向呈线性分布 ;而在恒壁温条件下 ,其截面平均温度沿轴向呈指数规律变化。幂律流体的无量纲对流换热系数与幂律流体的流变指数有关 ,并且在两种边界条件下 ,均随着流变指数的增加而减小     

盘式永磁无刷直流发电机

阐述了轴向磁场盘式永磁无刷直流发电机的结构及其特点，提出了气隙磁场的简化模型，并对三维磁场进行了分析，在此基础上探讨了这种电机的设计方法，以最大功率输出为优化目标，导出了几个简单实用的设计公式。６极９相样机的实测数据证实了分析和设计方法的正确性，这种无刷直流发电机结构紧凑，效率高，特别适用于由引擎驱动的发电系统。     

复合材料层压板疲劳寿命预测方法

测定了碳纤维／树脂基T300／QY8911复合材料的3组典型单轴循环应力下的S-N曲线．基于试验数据，建立了多轴循环应力作用下单向板的寿命模型，并通过整合平面应力分析、失效分析和材料性质退化模块模拟多向层压板的疲劳失效过程．这种方法试图基于单向板在确定应力比下的疲劳试验结果，预测同种材料体系的任意铺层形式的多向层压板在复杂循环应力作用下的疲劳寿命．对于以分层破坏为主控因素的层压板，基于层间应力的计算结果，用计算面内累计损伤的方法计算分层损伤，层压板的寿命等于分层扩展寿命和分层后子层板剩余寿命之和．考虑分层扩展后，层压板的寿命预测结果得到明显改善．