首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   40696篇
  免费   188篇
  国内免费   331篇
系统科学   492篇
丛书文集   794篇
教育与普及   105篇
理论与方法论   136篇
现状及发展   16606篇
研究方法   1582篇
综合类   20591篇
自然研究   909篇
  2013年   474篇
  2012年   773篇
  2011年   1709篇
  2010年   498篇
  2009年   447篇
  2008年   894篇
  2007年   1081篇
  2006年   1028篇
  2005年   997篇
  2004年   900篇
  2003年   709篇
  2002年   742篇
  2001年   1154篇
  2000年   1176篇
  1999年   818篇
  1992年   722篇
  1991年   546篇
  1990年   580篇
  1989年   542篇
  1988年   536篇
  1987年   542篇
  1986年   555篇
  1985年   714篇
  1984年   552篇
  1983年   429篇
  1982年   398篇
  1981年   427篇
  1980年   508篇
  1979年   1169篇
  1978年   898篇
  1977年   919篇
  1976年   699篇
  1975年   745篇
  1974年   1078篇
  1973年   909篇
  1972年   985篇
  1971年   1082篇
  1970年   1410篇
  1969年   1147篇
  1968年   1029篇
  1967年   1077篇
  1966年   1002篇
  1965年   737篇
  1959年   387篇
  1958年   715篇
  1957年   508篇
  1956年   399篇
  1955年   375篇
  1954年   405篇
  1948年   257篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.

Introduction

Tff3 peptide exerts important functions in cytoprotection and restitution of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract epithelia. Moreover, its presence in the rodent inner ear and involvement in the hearing process was demonstrated recently. However, its role in the auditory system still remains elusive. Our previous results showed a deterioration of hearing with age in Tff3-deficient animals.

Results

Present detailed analysis of auditory brain stem response (ABR) measurements and immunohistochemical study of selected functional proteins indicated a normal function and phenotype of the cochlea in Tff3 mutants. However, a microarray-based screening of tissue derived from the auditory central nervous system revealed an alteration of securin (Pttg1) and serpina3n expression between wild-type and Tff3 knock-out animals. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR, immunostaining and western blots.

Conclusions

We found highly down-regulated Pttg1 and up-regulated serpina3n expression as a consequence of genetically deleting Tff3 in mice, indicating a potential role of these factors during the development of presbyacusis.  相似文献   
992.
The so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS) are defined as oxygen-containing species that are more reactive than O(2) itself, which include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Although these are quite stable, they may be converted in the presence of transition metal ions, such as Fe(II), to the highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). hROS may exist as free hydroxyl radicals (HO·), as bound ("crypto") radicals or as Fe(IV)-oxo (ferryl) species and the somewhat less reactive, non-radical species, singlet oxygen. This review outlines the processes by which hROS may be formed, their damaging potential, and the evidence that they might have signaling functions. Since our understanding of the formation and actions of hROS depends on reliable procedures for their detection, particular attention is given to procedures for hROS detection and quantitation and their applicability to in vivo studies.  相似文献   
993.
Molecular mechanisms triggered by high dietary beta-carotene (BC) intake in lung are largely unknown. We performed microarray gene expression analysis on lung tissue of BC supplemented beta-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 knockout (Bcmo1 /) mice, which are—like humans—able to accumulate BC. Our main observation was that the genes were regulated in an opposite direction in male and female Bcmo1 / mice by BC. The steroid biosynthetic pathway was overrepresented in BC-supplemented male Bcmo1 / mice. Testosterone levels were higher after BC supplementation only in Bcmo1 / mice, which had, unlike wild-type (Bcmo1 +/+) mice, large variations. We hypothesize that BC possibly affects hormone synthesis or metabolism. Since sex hormones influence lung cancer risk, these data might contribute to an explanation for the previously found increased lung cancer risk after BC supplementation (ATBC and CARET studies). Moreover, effects of BC may depend on the presence of frequent human BCMO1 polymorphisms, since these effects were not found in wild-type mice.  相似文献   
994.
The skin is our primary shield against microbial pathogens and has evolved innate and adaptive strategies to enhance immunity in response to injury or microbial insult. The study of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production in mammalian skin has revealed several of the elegant strategies that AMPs use to prevent infection. AMPs are inducible by both infection and injury and protect the host by directly killing pathogens and/or acting as multifunctional effector molecules that trigger cellular responses to aid in the anti-infective and repair response. Depending on the specific AMP, these molecules can influence cytokine production, cell migration, cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and wound healing. Abnormal production of AMPs has been associated with the pathogenesis of several cutaneous diseases and plays a role in determining a patient’s susceptibility to pathogens. This review will discuss current research on the regulation and function of AMPs in the skin and in skin disorders.  相似文献   
995.
利用不可行的内点同伦方法(CHIIP)求解非凸规划问题的KKT点. 证明了当非凸规划问题的可行域满足法锥条件时, 跟踪同伦方程产生的同伦曲线可得到非凸规划问题的KKT点, 且该算法具有全局收敛性.  相似文献   
996.
使用同伦算法研究混合约束的非凸非线性规划问题. 当规划问题为混合约束(带有等式约束)时, 可行域变成一个边界区域, 并没有内点. 通过对可行域定义新的拟锥条件, 给出相应同伦方程, 并证明此同伦算法在此拟锥条件下具有全局收敛性.  相似文献   
997.
研究东濮凹陷胡庆地区原油地球化学特征及其来源.利用有机地球化学分析方法,对原油与烃源岩进行饱和烃色谱、饱和烃与芳烃色谱-质谱分析,剖析了两者的分子地球化学特征及油源.研究表明:胡庆地区发育3类原油,第一类原油具有极高伽马蜡烷,质量色谱图中甾烷呈"L"形特征,来自第二台阶的沙一段烃源岩,在沙一段储层中富集形成自生自储常温...  相似文献   
998.
目的 考察湘西土家族苗族自治州古丈县断龙乡猛虎洞更新世哺乳动物群骨化石断裂痕迹的状态与原因,探索湘西地区古人类活动的遗迹.方法 观测哺乳动物群骨化石断裂痕迹剖面的形态结构,以区别食肉类动物群的咬痕与人类打造的印迹.结果 经40件东方剑齿象、中国犀、鹿等残骨化石标本断裂痕迹剖面的观测,发现有部分骨化石断裂剖面圆钝,似啮齿动物的咬痕,但大部分骨化石断端剖面呈锥形切削改造,有的双面削刮呈锐利器型,有的存在明显打击或铲刮的 “印记”,初步认为属早期人类制作骨器的遗迹.结论 结合地理环境和地学结构分析,猛虎洞可能属晚更新世(10~5)万年前旧石器人类穴居的营地或系同生代古脊椎动物的遗址.  相似文献   
999.
碱激发胶凝材料作为新型绿色建筑材料,在促进工业固体废料的循环使用、减少CO2气体排放等方面有着突出的优势,近几年针对这种材料耐久性能的研究越发受到重视,碳化作为影响耐久性能的关键因素,也需要进一步的研究。从碳化机理、碳化速率、碳化影响以及抗碳化性能改善方面总结了碱激发胶凝材料碳化性能研究现状,概述了目前碳化领域研究所取得的成果和面临的困难。基于已有成果,提出了研究建议,以期为碱激发混凝土的发展和推广应用提供参考。  相似文献   
1000.
介绍了金银花的生物学特性及功用,对金银花作为阳泉市郊区发展主栽品种的可行性进行了探讨,并对其经济效益进行了分析。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号