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911.
Identification of rate-limiting steps or components of intracellular second messenger systems holds promise to effectively
interfere with these pathways under pathological conditions. The emerging literature on a recently identified family of signalling
regulator proteins, called tribbles gives interesting clues for how these proteins seem to link several ‘independent’ signal
processing systems together. Via their unique way of action, tribbles co-ordinate the activation and suppression of the various
interacting signalling pathways and therefore appear to be key in determining cell fate while responding to environmental
challenges. This review summarises our current understanding of tribbles function and also provides an evolutionary perspective
on the various tribbles genes.
Received 10 January 2006; received after revision 20 March 2006; accepted 5 April 2006 相似文献
912.
Amundadottir LT Sulem P Gudmundsson J Helgason A Baker A Agnarsson BA Sigurdsson A Benediktsdottir KR Cazier JB Sainz J Jakobsdottir M Kostic J Magnusdottir DN Ghosh S Agnarsson K Birgisdottir B Le Roux L Olafsdottir A Blondal T Andresdottir M Gretarsdottir OS Bergthorsson JT Gudbjartsson D Gylfason A Thorleifsson G Manolescu A Kristjansson K Geirsson G Isaksson H Douglas J Johansson JE Bälter K Wiklund F Montie JE Yu X Suarez BK Ober C Cooney KA Gronberg H Catalona WJ Einarsson GV 《Nature genetics》2006,38(6):652-658
With the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identifying common genetic variants that confer risk of the disease is important. Here we report such a variant on chromosome 8q24, a region initially identified through a study of Icelandic families. Allele -8 of the microsatellite DG8S737 was associated with prostate cancer in three case-control series of European ancestry from Iceland, Sweden and the US. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of the allele is 1.62 (P = 2.7 x 10(-11)). About 19% of affected men and 13% of the general population carry at least one copy, yielding a population attributable risk (PAR) of approximately 8%. The association was also replicated in an African American case-control group with a similar OR, in which 41% of affected individuals and 30% of the population are carriers. This leads to a greater estimated PAR (16%) that may contribute to higher incidence of prostate cancer in African American men than in men of European ancestry. 相似文献
913.
Sayer JA Otto EA O'Toole JF Nurnberg G Kennedy MA Becker C Hennies HC Helou J Attanasio M Fausett BV Utsch B Khanna H Liu Y Drummond I Kawakami I Kusakabe T Tsuda M Ma L Lee H Larson RG Allen SJ Wilkinson CJ Nigg EA Shou C Lillo C Williams DS Hoppe B Kemper MJ Neuhaus T Parisi MA Glass IA Petry M Kispert A Gloy J Ganner A Walz G Zhu X Goldman D Nurnberg P Swaroop A Leroux MR Hildebrandt F 《Nature genetics》2006,38(6):674-681
914.
915.
916.
917.
DNA methylation profiling of human chromosomes 6, 20 and 22 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
918.
Recent experience with several high-profile drugs demonstrates the great challenges in developing effective and safe therapeutics. A complementary approach to the popular paradigm of disease genetics is based on inherited factors that reduce the incidence and severity of disease among individuals who are genetically predisposed to disease. We propose testing specifically for modifier genes and protective alleles among at-risk individuals and studying the efficacy of therapeutics based on the genetics of health. 相似文献
919.
Aggressive behavior is pervasive throughout the animal kingdom, and yet very little is known about its molecular underpinnings. To address this problem, we have developed a population-based selection procedure to increase aggression in Drosophila melanogaster. We measured changes in aggressive behavior in the selected subpopulations with a new two-male arena assay. In only ten generations of selection, the aggressive lines became markedly more aggressive than the neutral lines. After 21 generations, the fighting index increased more than 30-fold. Using microarray analysis, we identified genes with differing expression levels in the aggressive and neutral lines as candidates for this strong behavioral selection response. We tested a small set of these genes through mutant analysis and found that one significantly increased fighting frequency. These results suggest that selection for increases in aggression can be used to molecularly dissect this behavior. 相似文献
920.
The mammalian olfactory system is not uniformly organized but consists of several subsystems each of which probably serves
distinct functions. Not only are the two major nasal chemosensory systems, the vomeronasal organ and the main olfactory epithelium,
structurally and functionally separate entities, but the latter is further subcompartimentalized into overlapping expression
zones and projection-related subzones. Moreover, the populations of ‘OR37’ neurons not only express a unique type of olfactory
receptors but also are segregated in a cluster-like manner and generally project to only one receptor-specific glomerulus.
The septal organ is an island of sensory epithelium on the nasal septum positioned at the nasoplatine duct; it is considered
as a ‘mini-nose’ with dual function. A specific chemosensory function of the most recently discovered subsystem, the so-called
Grueneberg ganglion, is based on the expression of olfactory marker protein and the axonal projections to defined glomeruli
within the olfactory bulb. This complexity of distinct olfactory subsystems may be one of the features determining the enormous
chemosensory capacity of the sense of smell. 相似文献