棒状杆菌ps1产生广谱抗真菌活性物质的初步研究

棒状杆菌psl能产生广谱抗真菌活性物质，对其活性物质的抗菌谱、产生条件和部分特性进行了初步研究。棒状杆菌psl产生的活性物质pschl对白色念珠菌、丝核菌、镰刀菌等多种真菌均有强烈抑制作用，并具有良好选择性。活性物质pschl耐热性好，pH改变对其活性影响较明显，酸性环境有利于其稳定但在碱性条件下容易失活。     

海洋枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-1产生多种抗真菌活性物质

从香港清水湾海域中分离到一株能产生抗酵母样真菌和革兰氏阳性菌抗生素的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株Bs—1。对Bs—1产生抗生素条件的研究表明，Bs—1在多种培养基中生长迅速，但只在PDB(马铃薯葡萄糖液体)中产生抗真菌活性物质；活性物质粗提液具有良好的耐热性和酸碱度，121℃加热15min及在pH2和pHl0处理24h仍有相当高的活性；对Bs—1产抗生素的营养条件和影响的理化因子进行了分析；最后用吸附、萃取、离子交换层析和RP-HPLC等技术对此菌的抗菌代谢产物进行纯化，结果发现Bs-1在PDB培养基中发酵时至少产生3种亲水性的抗真菌活性化合物，三在C18反相层析柱上的保留时间差别不大，对HPLC纯化后的其中一种化合物结构的初步分析表明，该化合物含有共轭双键但无任何氨基酸残基，与目前已知的枯草芽孢杆菌产生的抗生素都不相同，很可能是一种新的非肽类抗真菌化合物。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOL-GEL-DERIVED ZrO2 FILM BY PHOTOTHERMAL RADIOMETRY

In modern industry,thin film on the substratc has much important role to decide the properties of product, especially for electrical, optical and wear-resistant etc, production. There are some technical methods to prepare thin film,including plasma spray,physical vapor deposition (PVD),chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sol-gel,etc. Among of them,sol-gel method has been developed a popular tech nique for preparing thin films.     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the binding of Merocyanine 540 to human erythrocytes

The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H₂O₂ exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H₂O₂ showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H₂O₂-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H₂O₂ revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H₂O₂ induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996     

Spectrum characteristics and pump wavelengths of Nd3+-doped double-clad fiber

Conclusion The optimum wavelength of Nd³⁺-doped double-clad fiber laser or amplifier made in China is near 830 nm. The efficiency of Nd³⁺-doped double-clad fiber devices pumped by 820-nm laser is low due to ESA. In order to increase the photochemical stability of the outer cladding, the material of the outer cladding must be advanced.     

Two classes of metabolites fromTheonella swinhoei are localized in distinct populations of bacterial symbionts

The marine spongeTheonella swinhoei (lithistid Family Theonellidae, Order Astrophorida) has yielded many important, bioactive natural products, most of which share structural features with bacterial natural products. The presence of microbial symbionts inT. swinhoei has been reported, and it was originally suggested that the cytotoxic macrolide swinholide A and many of the bioactive cyclic peptides fromT. swinhoei were all produced by symbiotic cyanobacteria. By transmission electron microscopy, we found four distinct cell populations to be consistently present inT. swinhoei: eukaryotic sponge cells, unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, unicellular cyanobacteria and filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Purification and chemical analyses of each cell type showed the macrolide swinholide A to be limited to the mixed population of unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, and an anti-fungal cyclic peptide occurred only in the filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Contrary to prior speculation, no major metabolites were located in the cyanobacteria or sponge cells.     

Effect of various stressors on the levels of lipid peroxide,antioxidants and Na+, K+-ATPase actrivity in rat brain

The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), as well as the activity of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, were assessed in whole rat brain after immobilization, anemic hypoxia (NaNO₂) and 72 h starvation. The effect of these stressors on plasma glucose and corticosterone levels was also observed. Hypoxia and starvation stimulated the lipidj peroxide formation in braini as indicated by an increase in the level of MDA, being higher after starvation than hypoxia. Brain SOD activity was also increased in response to hypoxia and starvation while GSH content was only diminished ini hypoxia. However, neither MDA nor antioxidants were affected by immobilization. On the other hand, the activity of brain Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase was significantly increased by immobilization and hypoxia but decreased in starvation. A similar pattern of change was also observed in plasma glucose and corticosterone levels in response to these stressors. These results elucidate differences in the biochemical response of animals towards various types of stress, with increased lipid peroxide formation in hypoxia and starvation.     

论草原生态系统中微气候研究的重要作用

草原生态系统中微气候的研究工作开始于六七十年代，主要是应用微气候学和生态学研究草原生态系统中微气候的变化规律及其与动植物的关系。这些研究工作不但丰富了生态学理论，而且对草地生产有重要的指导意义。中国在这方面的研究起步晚，报道甚少。文章旨在论述微气候学研究在草原生态系统中的重要地位，推动中国在这一领域的发展。