Exploring Systemic Problems in IS Adoption Using Critical Systems Heuristics

Systemic Practice and Action Research - Most of the traditional technology acceptance models revolve around information systems (IS)/information technology (IT) adoption at individual user level....     

Early SIV and HIV infection promotes the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs

Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) play a pivotal role in the early events that tip the immune response toward persistence or viral control. In vitro studies indicate that HIV infection induces the dysregulation of cDCs through binding of the LILRB2 inhibitory receptor to its MHC-I ligands and the strength of this interaction was proposed to drive disease progression. However, the dynamics of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs during early immune responses against HIV are yet unknown. Here, we show that early HIV-1 infection induces a strong and simultaneous increase of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression on the surface of blood cDCs. We further characterized the early dynamics of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression by showing that SIVmac251 infection of macaques promotes coordinated up-regulation of LILRB2 and MHC-I on cDCs and monocytes/macrophages, from blood and lymph nodes. Orientation towards the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis starts from the first days of infection and is transiently induced in the entire cDC population in acute phase. Analysis of the factors involved indicates that HIV-1 replication, TLR7/8 triggering, and treatment by IL-10 or type I IFNs increase LILRB2 expression. Finally, enhancement of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis is specific to HIV-1 and SIVmac251 infections, as expression of LILRB2 on cDCs decreased in naturally controlled chikungunya virus infection of macaques. Altogether, our data reveal a unique up-regulation of LILRB2 and its MHC-I ligands on cDCs in the early phase of SIV/HIV infection, which may account for immune dysregulation at a critical stage of the anti-viral response.     

Long-term increases in clutch size in common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) and diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)

Clutch size (CS) is a well-studied life history characteristic, and optimal egg size theory predicts that CS should correlate positively with reproductive investment. Turtles are good subjects for studies of reproductive strategies because few turtle species exhibit parental care; therefore quantifying their short-term reproductive investment is mostly limited to measuring egg size and number. Clutch size is usually reported as an average value for each turtle population, and where CS variation is noted, it is usually attributable to variation in adult body size. In two long-term studies of ecologically dissimilar species we detected a dramatic increase in CS in a common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) population and in a diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) population. It is unknown whether these changes are due to either variation in adult body size or resource availability; but the temporal patterns we observed have apparently never been reported previously. These trends remain unexplained and should be explored further.     

矿井索车的优化设计

对矿井索车优化设计中的几个关键性问题进行了探讨，包括驱动轮和尾轮的设计、钢丝绳直径的选择计算、托绳轮间距的确定、绳卡的设计、张紧力和张紧行程的确定、互锁问题的解决等。     

建筑物地基处理的设计与施工探讨

以具体工程为例，介绍了建筑物地基处理的设计、施工中遵循的原则，施工中遇到特殊情况时采取的处理方法和必要的检测方法，对几种桩基的设计要求、施工工艺及过程、质量控制等情况进行了简单阐述。     

西文期刊回溯建库中几个重要项目的著录

在实践的基础上，从期刊的出版日期、出版周期、卷、期、年、月及其他标识、ISSN、增刊、出版者以及期刊的历史发展等方面对西文期刊机读目录的标准化著录问题进行了探讨。     

顶凌覆盖节水增产技术研究

通过1998年、2000年的试验研究，系统分析了顶凌覆盖技术在高寒区节水增温保温、增产增收的机理及其应用效果。提出该技术可以缓解低温干旱特别是春旱对农业生产的困扰，是一项可以抗旱保春播增产增收的实用技术，在高寒地区具有较高的推广价值。     

关于21世纪图书馆员继续教育问题的思考

论述了21世纪对图书馆员进行继续教育的必要性，介绍了图书馆员继续教育的内容，针对我国图书馆员继续教育的状况，提出了应采取加大投入、进行针对性培训、运用激励机制等措施来加强对图书馆员的继续教育。     

The influence of chronic nicotine treatment on stress-induced gastric ulceration and emptying rate in rats.

Ten-day treatment with nicotine (5, 25 or 50 micrograms/ml drinking water) dose-dependently intensified gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint, and emptying rate. Stomach contractions produced by graded doses of bethanechol i.v. were elevated further by nicotine treatment. It is suggested that chronic nicotine administration produces hypersensitivity of the gastric muscarinic receptors; stomach hypermotility contributes to the ulcer-worsening action of the alkaloid.