数值学报（2003年第12卷）

本书是由英国剑桥大学出版、发行的不定期专题论文集，每年出版一卷，登载数值分析、计算方法及其应用等方面的高水平创造性研究论文或综述报告，论文作者多为当代相关领域的国际性学术带头人。     

软件工程知识的获取

本书是由新加坡世界科技出版公司出版的《软件工程与知识工程丛书》的第14卷。未来的软件系统将分布在整个网络上，并具有专门从事不同活动的代理。每一个代理都具有不同程度上的自治。软件开发机构将会依靠这些代理，利用不同的程序开发过程来生产软件程序。本书从遗传编程的角度讨论了具体的不同之处。作者试图通过设计一个用于演化程序的软件工程环境系统（SWEEP），来使我们对于开发多代理、多过程的未来的洞察力变得更为具体。SWEEP系统使用遗传编程在软件的创建与修改中起了中心的作用。此外，还对度量学特别注意，探索了可通用性、程序肿胀和有效程序长度问题。     

基于因特网的智能信息处理系统

本书为《创新智力》丛书的第3卷。因特网使以前不可能实现的难事成为可能，如容易地存取大量信息。但信息量和变量两者以质量形式对介质有效利用产生妨碍。由于这个原因，人工智能将成为有用的工具。智能系统可以用来检索因特网和数据挖掘；解释因特网导出资料、人-Web接口、消除监视条件和诸多新发现。本书提出关于诸如神经网络、自适应和连接者范型、模糊和基于规则的系统、智能代理人等智能系统和因特网之间交互的最新研究，它还纵览帮助和提高使用因特网的智能系统服务及一个通体用智能技术的信道，即因特网的应用。     

人工神经网络在土地覆盖分类中的应用

文章使用A STER遥感数据和土地利用分布图等地理辅助数据,用BP神经网络方法对土地覆盖进行了分类,并与最大似然法的分类结果进行精度比较分析提出神经网络方法在遥感图像分析与处理技术中的应用潜力。结果表明地理辅助数据参与的BP神经网络用于土地覆盖分类研究可以获得相对较好的分类结果。     

松原市水资源优化分配的多目标规划模型

为了合理确定区域水资源开发利用方案,促进区域经济持续发展,根据松原市水资源开发利用现状及远景规划目标,以系统工程的观点为指导,运用多目标规划理论,建立了松原市水资源优化分配的多目标规划模型.通过调整和优化产业结构,减少水资源单耗量大的用水部门,优先发展一些用水量少、水资源利用率高、综合效益好的行业部门,从而使水资源得到合理有效利用.从经济、生态和社会效益相结合角度为区域水量分配提供了依据,为指导区域水资源利用和经济发展提出了优化的宏观远景规划方案,对构建区域经济持续发展和水资源协调利用的框架模式具有重要的指导意义.     

麦根蛋白质的酶水解物

0 前言 麦根是麦芽工业重要的副产物;麦根的成分和利用在几篇综述文章中已作了介绍。由于麦根含蛋白质21～25％和淀粉价(46％)高,人们对它用作饲料的问题一直感兴趣,然而,麦根受到被霉菌毒素污染的限制,所以只能用作饲料添加剂,而未能作为主要饲料。麦根及其浸出物已广泛用作微生物培养基的营养成分或特殊生长因子,还用来生产抗生素、果胶酶淀粉酶、L-赖氨酸、柠檬酸、丙酮和丁醇以及培养酵母和霉菌。一种麦根的油提取物已成功地添加到雪花膏化妆品中,具有治疗粉刺的生物活性。麦根的营养价值比酪氨酸低些,麦根用作食品添加     

Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein beta-secretase from human brain

Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide, which is thought to be causal for the pathology and subsequent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage by beta-secretase at the amino terminus of the Abeta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated carboxy-terminal fragment. Cleavage of the C-terminal fragment by gamma-secretase(s) leads to the formation of Abeta. The pathogenic mutation K670M671-->N670L671 at the beta-secretase cleavage site in APP, which was discovered in a Swedish family with familial Alzheimer's disease, leads to increased beta-secretase cleavage of the mutant substrate. Here we describe a membrane-bound enzyme activity that cleaves full-length APP at the beta-secretase cleavage site, and find it to be the predominant beta-cleavage activity in human brain. We have purified this enzyme activity to homogeneity from human brain using a new substrate analogue inhibitor of the enzyme activity, and show that the purified enzyme has all the properties predicted for beta-secretase. Cloning and expression of the enzyme reveals that human brain beta-secretase is a new membrane-bound aspartic proteinase.     

Permeability of rat heart myocytes to cytochrome c

Rat heart myocytes undergoing progressive damage demonstrate morphological changes of shortening and swelling followed by the formation of intracellular vacuoles and plasma membrane blebbing. The damaged myocytes displayed impaired N,N'-tetramethyl-p-phenyldiamine (TMPD) ascorbate-stimulated respiratory activity which was restored by the addition of reduced cytochrome c to the cell culture medium. To clarify the role played by cytochrome c in the impairment of cell respiration, polarographic, spectrophotometric and fluorescence as well as electron microscopy imaging experiments were performed. TMPD/ascorbate-stimulated respiratory activity returned to control levels, at approximately 20 microM cytochrome c, establishing the threshold below which the turnover rate by cytochrome c oxidase in the cell depends on cytochrome concentration. Mildly damaged cardiac myocytes, as indicated by cell shortening, retention of visible striations and free-fluorescein exclusion, together with the absence of lactate dehydrogenase leakage and exclusion of trypan blue, were able to oxidize exogenous cytochrome c and were permeable to fluorescein-conjugated cytochrome c. The results, while consistent with an early cytochrome c release observed at the beginning of cell death, elucidate the role played by cytochrome c in the kinetic control of mitochondrial electron transfer under pathological conditions, particularly those involving the terminal part of the respiratory chain. These data are the first to demonstrate that the sarcolemma of cardiac myocytes, damaged but still viable, is permeable to cytochrome c.